compound:prt: phrasal particle
Phrasal particles (compound:prt) are used in connection with phrasal verbs, (partikkeliverbi, “particle verb” in Finnish grammar) where the particle is considered an integral part of the verb expression. The governor of the dependency is the verb, and the dependent is the phrasal particle.
Verb particles (see ISK §455 and §658) are the only case where particles are distinguished from adverbs in UD Finnish. This distinction can be made by the following rough rules. A word is a verbal particle if it, together with the verb, forms an expression that has a meaning that differs from the meaning of the verb alone, and if the word cannot be modified by an adverb.
For instance, laittaa kiinni (make closed, close) is not a phrasal verb, as kiinni can be modified.
Laitoin oven kokonaan kiinni. (I closed the door entirely.)
In contrast, ottaa kiinni (catch) is a phrasal verb, as it has a meaning distinct from the verb ottaa (take), and kiinni cannot be modified.
*Poliisi otti rosvon kokonaan kiinni. (*The police caught the robber entirely.)
The following verb expressions are considered phrasal verbs. Note that this list is not closed, but includes the phrasal verbs encountered corpus annotation. Also, due to the figurative meanings of many of these expressions, the English translations are approximate.
- ajaa takaa “chase”
- antaa periksi “give up”
- astua voimaan “become valid”
- hyökätä kimppuun “attack”
- jäädä jälkeen “be left behind”
- jäädä kiinni “be caught” (not in the sense be stuck into something)
- jäädä käteen “be left in one’s hand”, “one is left with something” (figurative reading only.)
- jäädä väliin “be passed” (In the sense I’ll pass.)
- kiriä kiinni “close the distance”
- kuroa kiinni “close the distance”
- kutsua kokoon “summon”
- kutsua koolle “summon”
- käydä ilmi “come up”
- käydä kateeksi “make jealous”
- käydä kimppuun “attack”
- käydä läpi “go through”
- käydä sääliksi “be pitied”
- laskea alleen “wet one’s pants”
- lyödä laimin “neglect”
- lyödä läpi “strike through”
- nukkua pommiin “oversleep”
- olla kaupan “be for sale”
- olla meneillään “be happening”
- olla tarpeen “be necessary”
- olla tarvis “be necessary”
- olla voimassa “be valid”
- ottaa irti “take sth out”, “make the most of” (in expressions such as “ottaa ilo irti”)
- ottaa kiinni “catch”
- ottaa lukuun “take into account”
- ottaa mukaan “take along”
- ottaa selvää “find out”
- ottaa vaari(n) “take advice”
- ottaa vastaan “receive”
- painaa päälle “push, stress on”
- panna merkille “take note”
- panna täytäntöön “put into action”
- pidellä kiinni “hold on”
- pitää kaupan “keep for sale”
- pitää kiinni “hold on”
- pitää voimassa “keep valid”
- pitää yllä “maintain”
- päästä kimppuun “attack, get close enough”
- päästä käsiksi “get one’s hands on”
- päästä läpi “get through”
- päästää irti “let go”
- saada aikaan “get sth done”
- saada aikaiseksi “get sth done”
- saada kiinni “catch”
- saada läpi “get sth through”
- saada vireille “get sth started”
- tulla mukaan “come along” (In the sense of follow, not the social sense.)
- tulla tarpeen “become necessary”
- tulla vastaan “come across”
- tulla voimaan “become valid”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is a language-specific subtype of compound.
There are also 1 other language-specific subtypes of compound: compound:nn.
256 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as compound:prt.
213 instances of compound:prt (83%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.4296875.
The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with compound:prt: VERB-ADV (235; 92% instances), NOUN-ADV (11; 4% instances), VERB-NOUN (6; 2% instances), ADV-ADV (2; 1% instances), VERB-ADJ (2; 1% instances).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is a language-specific subtype of compound.
There are also 1 other language-specific subtypes of compound: compound:nn.
380 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as compound:prt.
355 instances of compound:prt (93%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.66842105263158.
The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with compound:prt: VERB-ADV (191; 50% instances), VERB-NOUN (178; 47% instances), VERB-ADJ (7; 2% instances), NOUN-NOUN (3; 1% instances), X-X (1; 0% instances).