POS tags
| Open class words | Closed class words | Other |
|---|---|---|
| ADJ | ADP | PUNCT |
| ADV | AUX | SYM |
| INTJ | CONJ | X |
| NOUN | DET | |
| PROPN | NUM | |
| VERB | PART | |
| PRON | ||
| SCONJ |
ADJ: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in
El cotxe és verd. “The car is green.”
In Catalan, adjectives normally follow the noun, e.g. La casa groga “The yellow house”, although sometimes they may also precede the noun, e.g. La blanca neu “The white snow”.
Adjectives in Catalan agree in number and gender with the noun they modify, e.g. la casa groga (femenine singular), les cases grogues (femenine plural).
The class of adjectives in Catalan UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically. Note that participles are word forms that may share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Depending on context, they may be classified as either VERB or ADJ.
To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.
Examples
- gran “big”
- vell “old”
- verd “green”
- incomprensible “incomprehensible”
- primer “first”, segon “second”, tercer “third”
ADP: adposition
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for ADP.
ADV: adverb
Definition
Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. They may also modify adjectives (as in clarament fals “clearly fake”), other adverbs (as in molt breument “very briefly”) or even nouns / pronouns (as in solament tu “only you”).
There is a closed subclass of pronominal adverbs that refer to circumstances in context, rather than naming them directly; similarly to pronouns, these can be categorized as interrogative, relative, demonstrative, etc. To conform to the UD guidelines, pronominal adverbs also get the ADV part-of-speech tag but they are differentiated by additional features (see pronominal type).
Examples
- molt “very”
- bé “well”
- exactament “exactly”
- demà “tomorrow”
- dalt, baix “up, down”
- interrogative or exclamative adverbs: on, quan, com, per què “where, when, how, why
- demonstrative adverbs: aquí, allí, ara, després “here, there, now, then”
- totality adverbs: sempre “always”
- negative adverbs: mai “never”
AUX: auxiliary verb
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for AUX.
CONJ: coordinating conjunction
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for CONJ.
DET: determiner
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for DET.
INTJ: interjection
Definition
An interjection is a word that is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation. It typically expresses an emotional reaction, is not syntactically related to other accompanying expressions, and may include a combination of sounds not otherwise found in the language.
Note that words primarily belonging to another part of speech retains their original category when used in exclamations. For example, in the phrase ¡Déu meu!, Déu is a NOUN and meu is a PRON even in exclamatory uses.
As a special case of interjections, we recognize feedback particles such as sí and no. Note that uses of sí and no syntactically related to other accompanying expressions in a sentence are recognized as ADV.
Examples
Marked as interjections:
- psst
- ai
- bravo
- hola
- sí, e.g. Sí, perque… “Yes, because…”.
- no, e.g. No, no ho crec. “No, I don’t believe it.”
Marked as adverbs:
- sí, e.g. Votarem sí. “We will vote yes”.
- no, e.g. No és veritat. “It is not true.”
NOUN: noun
Definition
Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.
The NOUN tag is intended for common nouns only. See PROPN for proper nouns and PRON for pronouns.
Spanish nouns have the lexical feature ca-feat/Gender. Furthermore, the nouns inflect for ca-feat/Number.
Examples
- noia “girl”
- gat “cat”
- arbre “tree”
- aire “air”
- bellesa “beauty”
NUM: numeral
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for NUM.
PART: particle
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for PART.
PRON: pronoun
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for PRON.
PROPN: proper noun
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for PROPN.
PUNCT: punctuation
Definition
Punctuation marks are non-alphabetical characters and character groups used in many languages to delimit linguistic units in printed text.
Punctuation is not taken to include logograms such as $, %, and §, which are instead tagged as SYM.
Examples
- Period: .
- Comma: ,
- Parentheses: ()
SCONJ: subordinating conjunction
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for SCONJ.
SYM: symbol
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for SYM.
VERB: verb
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for VERB.
X: other
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for X.