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X: other

Definition

The tag X is used for words that for some reason cannot be assigned a real part-of-speech category.

Note that the universal guidelines recommend the usage of X for cases of code-switching where it is not possible (or meaningful) to analyze the intervening language grammatically (and where the dependency relation foreign is typically used in the syntactic analysis). The PoS tag for Italian in such cases is SW (foreign noun) and is mapped into X in the conversion.

This usage does not extend to ordinary loan words where it is assigned a normal part-of-speech.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

There are 99 X lemmas (1%), 98 X types (0%) and 141 X tokens (0%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of X is: 8 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 15 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent X lemmas: a, b, c, f, ad, damage, de, capite, done, electronic

The 10 most frequent X types: a, b, c, f, Damage, ad, de, Done, Electronic, capite

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: a (ADP 7044, NOUN 10, X 8, PROPN 3, DET 3, ADV 2, CONJ 1), b (NOUN 11, X 8), c (NOUN 7, X 3), f (NOUN 2, X 2), ad (ADP 4, NOUN 3, X 3), de (ADP 34, PROPN 8, X 3, DET 1), electronic (ADJ 3, X 2), home (NOUN 2, X 2), in (ADP 5879, X 2), link (X 2, NOUN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: a (ADP 6336, NOUN 10, X 8, ADV 2, PROPN 2), b (NOUN 11, X 8), c (NOUN 7, X 3), f (NOUN 2, X 2), ad (ADP 415, NOUN 3, X 3, PROPN 1), de (ADP 39, PROPN 8, X 2), Electronic (X 2, ADJ 1), home (NOUN 2, X 2), i (DET 3874, ADJ 10, NOUN 1, X 1), in (ADP 5153, X 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of X is 0.989899 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.491677).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “lo”: I, la.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “(!),”: (!),.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “C”: C.

X does not occur with any features.

Relations

X nodes are attached to their parents using 13 different relations: it-dep/foreign (54; 38% instances), it-dep/nummod (32; 23% instances), it-dep/nmod (21; 15% instances), it-dep/compound (7; 5% instances), it-dep/mwe (7; 5% instances), it-dep/appos (4; 3% instances), it-dep/conj (4; 3% instances), it-dep/advmod (3; 2% instances), it-dep/root (3; 2% instances), it-dep/dobj (2; 1% instances), it-dep/xcomp (2; 1% instances), it-dep/discourse (1; 1% instances), it-dep/nsubj (1; 1% instances)

Parents of X nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: X (61; 43% instances), NOUN (42; 30% instances), VERB (18; 13% instances), NUM (8; 6% instances), PROPN (6; 4% instances), ROOT (3; 2% instances), PRON (2; 1% instances), ADJ (1; 1% instances)

67 (48%) X nodes are leaves.

41 (29%) X nodes have one child.

7 (5%) X nodes have two children.

26 (18%) X nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a X node is 13.

Children of X nodes are attached using 18 different relations: it-dep/punct (63; 36% instances), it-dep/foreign (54; 31% instances), it-dep/case (14; 8% instances), it-dep/det (11; 6% instances), it-dep/conj (5; 3% instances), it-dep/nmod (5; 3% instances), it-dep/appos (4; 2% instances), it-dep/amod (3; 2% instances), it-dep/cc (3; 2% instances), it-dep/nummod (3; 2% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (2; 1% instances), it-dep/compound (2; 1% instances), it-dep/cop (2; 1% instances), it-dep/advmod (1; 1% instances), it-dep/auxpass (1; 1% instances), it-dep/nsubj (1; 1% instances), it-dep/nsubjpass (1; 1% instances), it-dep/parataxis (1; 1% instances)

Children of X nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: PUNCT (63; 36% instances), X (61; 35% instances), ADP (14; 8% instances), DET (11; 6% instances), NOUN (9; 5% instances), VERB (5; 3% instances), ADJ (3; 2% instances), CONJ (3; 2% instances), NUM (2; 1% instances), SYM (2; 1% instances), ADV (1; 1% instances), AUX (1; 1% instances), PROPN (1; 1% instances)


X in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]