Polarity: whether the word can be or is negated
| Values: | Neg | Pos |
In Czech, negation is mostly done using the bound morpheme ne-, and an independent negating particle (equivalent to English “not”) is rarely seen. Words that can take the morpheme of negation have the feature of polarity.
It applies to verbs,
adjectives, sometimes also adverbs and
even nouns.
(Most nouns have just Polarity=Pos;
deverbative nouns can have also Polarity=Neg.
Occasionally, other nouns can be negated to denote the complement of the original noun:
plavec “swimmer” vs. neplavec “non-swimmer”.)
Note that Polarity=Neg is not the same thing as
PronType=Neg. For pronouns and other pronominal parts of speech
there is no such binary opposition as for verbs and adjectives. (There
is no such thing as “affirmative pronoun”.)
Pos: positive, affirmative
Examples
- přišel “he came”
- rozumný “wise”
- pěkně “nicely”
- přijetí “acceptance”
Neg: negative
Examples
- nepřišel “he did not come”
- nerozumný “unwise”
- nepěkně “nastily”
- nepřijetí “non-acceptance, rejection”
Polarity in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [el] [es] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gub] [hy] [jaa] [ky] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj]