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UD for Haitian Creole

Kreyòl (Kreyòl Ayisyen, Haitian Creole, iso-639-1: ht) is the main language of Haïti. It is spoken by more than 10M speakers both in Haïti and in the diaspora (Canada and USA mainly). It is an official language of Haïti. The dialect spoken in the Cap Haïtien dialect differs slightly in its lexicon from the Center and South varieties.

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

• Words are delimited by whitespace characters.
• Some sequences of grammatical words are often written in one othographic word:
  • PRON-AUX: lap = li + ap, yap = yo + ap, kap = ki + ap, nap = nou + ap;
  • sakap = sa + ki + ap;
  • ADV-AUX: pat = pa + te, pata = pa + ta, pap = pa + ap;
  • AUX-AUX: tap = t + ap, taka = ta + ka; sete = se + te.

Morphology

Haitian Creole is an isolating language.

Tags

• PART has not been used.
• Haïtian has four preverbal particules that have been tagged AUX: te, ap, ta, pral. Potential AUX (not tagged AUX): ka ‘can’, pa ‘not’.
• The DET-PRON distinction is unclear and still under studies. We decided to tag DET the pronominal words depending on a NOUN, but their forms are similar to PRONs and they are positioned after the NOUN as the noun complements.

Features

• PRON have Person and Number features. Pronominal DET also. Some DET have a Definite feature.
• AUX have a feature:
  • te: Tense=Past;
  • ap: Aspect=Prog;
  • ta: Mood=Cnd;
  • pral: Tense=Fut;
  • se: copula.
• Other POS have no morphosyntactic features.
• The treebank is glossed (Gloss feature) and translated (text_fr) in French, the lexifier language of this creole.

Syntax

• Haïtian is an SVO language.
• It has double object constructions, with the Recipient before the Theme. The recipient has been tagged iobj and the Theme obj. We do not know any property to distinguish them except their resepective order and their semantic roles.
• Some ADJs, NOUNs, and ADVs can root a clause. There is a copula, se, which is used in existential constructions.
• It has nmods without markers.
• It has DETs before and after the NOUN. DETs after the NOUN could be nmod. A further study is needed.
• Some ADJs must be before the NOUN, while others must be after the NOUN. The repartition is similar to French.
• It has some Serial Verb Constructions, annotated compound:svc.
• We have one cleft construction in our corpus, annotated advcl:cleft.
• The parataxis:insert relation is used for parenthetical clauses which could not be considered as independent sentences, since they are not saturated.
• Oblique modifiers have been distinguished by the obl:mod sub-relation.

Treebanks

There is 1 Haitian Creole UD treebank:

• Haitian Creole Autogramm

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