VerbClass: verb class
| Values: | 1lit | 2lit | 3lit | 4lit | 5lit | 6lit | 2aeinf | 3aeinf | 4aeinf | 5aeinf | 2aered | 3aered | Caus2lit | Caus3lit | Caus3lit | Caus3lit | Caus3aeinf | Caus4aeinf | Caus2aered | Caus3aered | Def | Anom |
There are verbs with 1 to 6 radicals (Schenkel 2012: 183). If all radicals are strong, the abbreviation lit (literal) is used, for example č̣ṭ “say” is a 2-lit. verb. If the last radical is weak, the abbreviation inf (infirma i.e. weak) is used, for example mri̯ “love” is a 3ae-inf verb. Verbs with a reduplicated radical are labelled with the abbreviation red (reduplicata) and causative verbs with the abbreviation caus. Finally, there are defective verbs (Def) which occur in one or two forms, and anomalous verbs (Anom) which are used irregularly compared to other verbs of their class.
1lit: verb with 1 radical
Example
- ꞽ “say” (this is the only verb attested for the 1-lit. verb class, and it is defective)
2lit: verb with 2 radicals, both strong
Example
- č̣ṭ “say”
3lit: verb with 3 radicals, all strong
Example
- śč̣m “hear”
4lit: verb with 4 radicals, all strong
Example
- ptpt “tread”
5lit: verb with 5 radicals, all strong
Example
- nṭbṭb “sip”
6lit: verb with 6 radicals, all strong
Example
- nč̣mnč̣m “sexual pleasure”
2aeinf: verb with 2 radicals, the last one weak
Example
- ti̯ “trample”
3aeinf: verb with 3 radicals, the last one weak
Example
- mri̯ “love”
4aeinf: verb with 4 radicals, the last one weak
Example
- ḥmśi̯ “sit”
5aeinf: verb with 5 radicals, the last one weak
Example
- nḫꞽḫi̯ “endure”
2aered: verb with a second reduplicated radical
Example
- ḳrr “boil”
3aered: verb with a third reduplicated radical
Example
- čḥnn “be glad”
Caus2lit: causative verb with 2 radicals, both strong
Example
- ś:ḥč̣ “make bright, illuminate” (causative of the verb ḥč̣ “be bright”)
Caus3lit: causative verb with 3 radicals, all strong
Example
- ś:ꜥnḫ “make live, revive” (causative of the verb ꜥnḫ “live”)
Caus4lit: causative verb with 4 radicals, all strong
Example
- ś:ꜣḫꜣḫ “make verdant” (causative of the verb ꜣḫꜣḫ “become verdant”)
Caus5lit: causative verb with 5 radicals, all strong
Example
- ś:nḫbḫb “cause to draw back” (causative of the verb nḫbḫb “draw back”)
Caus3aeinf: causative verb with 3 radicals, the last one weak
Example
- ś:ḫpi̯ “conduct” (causative of the verb ḫpi̯ “travel”)
Caus4aeinf: causative verb with 4 radicals, the last one weak
Example
- ś:bꜣgi̯ “make weary” (causative of the verb bꜣgi̯ “become weary”)
Caus2aered: causative verb with a third reduplicated radical
Example
- ś:ḳbb “make cool, refresh” (causative of the verb ḳbb “be cool”)
Caus3aered: causative verb with a fourth reduplicated radical
Example
- ś:bꜣḳḳ “commend” (the verb bꜣḳḳ is unattested)
Def: a verb used in one or two forms
Example
- ꞽ “say” (this verb only occurs in the past śč̣m.n ⸗f and in the Old Semitic suffix conjugation (also called “pseudoparticiple”)
Anom: a verb used irregularly compared to other verbs of their class
Example
- ꞽwi̯ “come, return”
VerbClass in other languages: [bej] [egy]