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CONJ: coordinating conjunction

Definition

A coordinating conjunction is a word that links words or larger constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other and expresses a semantic relationship between them.

For subordinating conjunctions, see SCONJ.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

There are 25 CONJ lemmas (0%), 25 CONJ types (0%) and 3180 CONJ tokens (3%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of CONJ is: 11 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent CONJ lemmas: И, А, ТАКЖЕ, НО, ИЛИ, ОДНАКО, ЛИБО, ТАК, ТОЖЕ, ТО

The 10 most frequent CONJ types: и, а, также, но, или, однако, либо, так, тоже, то

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: И (CONJ 2260, PART 89, ADV 4, PROPN 2, NUM 1), А (CONJ 275, NOUN 10, ADV 4, NUM 2, PROPN 1), ТАКЖЕ (CONJ 184, ADV 2), НО (CONJ 165, ADV 1), ОДНАКО (CONJ 65, ADV 11), ЛИБО (CONJ 16, ADV 7), ТАК (ADV 59, SCONJ 31, CONJ 9, ADP 4), ТОЖЕ (CONJ 9, ADV 1), ТО (PRON 184, ADV 25, CONJ 7, ADP 2, SCONJ 2), AND (CONJ 6, ADP 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: и (CONJ 2245, PART 89, ADV 3), а (CONJ 261, ADV 4, NOUN 1), также (CONJ 162, ADV 2), но (CONJ 145, ADV 1), однако (CONJ 31, ADV 4), либо (CONJ 16, ADV 7), так (ADV 45, SCONJ 27, CONJ 8, ADP 4), тоже (CONJ 9, ADV 1), то (DET 34, PRON 29, ADV 25, CONJ 7, ADP 2, SCONJ 2), and (CONJ 5, ADP 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of CONJ is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.591757).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “AND”: and.

The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “ET”: et.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “OR”: or.

CONJ does not occur with any features.

Relations

CONJ nodes are attached to their parents using 8 different relations: ru-dep/cc (2851; 90% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (183; 6% instances), ru-dep/mwe (97; 3% instances), ru-dep/discourse (37; 1% instances), ru-dep/conj (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances)

Parents of CONJ nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (1299; 41% instances), VERB (994; 31% instances), ADJ (365; 11% instances), PROPN (323; 10% instances), CONJ (84; 3% instances), ADV (51; 2% instances), NUM (27; 1% instances), ADP (21; 1% instances), DET (9; 0% instances), PRON (6; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

3061 (96%) CONJ nodes are leaves.

109 (3%) CONJ nodes have one child.

9 (0%) CONJ nodes have two children.

1 (0%) CONJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a CONJ node is 3.

Children of CONJ nodes are attached using 7 different relations: ru-dep/mwe (92; 71% instances), ru-dep/punct (18; 14% instances), ru-dep/conj (6; 5% instances), ru-dep/discourse (6; 5% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (6; 5% instances), ru-dep/cc (1; 1% instances), ru-dep/nmod (1; 1% instances)

Children of CONJ nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: CONJ (84; 65% instances), PART (16; 12% instances), PUNCT (16; 12% instances), ADV (6; 5% instances), NOUN (4; 3% instances), SYM (2; 2% instances), ADP (1; 1% instances), PROPN (1; 1% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

There are 43 CONJ lemmas (0%), 47 CONJ types (0%) and 38671 CONJ tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of CONJ is: 11 in number of lemmas, 12 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent CONJ lemmas: и, а, но, или, ни, потому_что, а_также, да, либо, так_как

The 10 most frequent CONJ types: и, а, но, или, ни, потому_что, а_также, да, либо, так_как

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: и (CONJ 24088, PART 4409, X 3, PROPN 2), а (CONJ 5152, PROPN 13, X 4, INTJ 4, PART 3, NOUN 1), но (CONJ 4541, PROPN 1), ни (CONJ 491, PART 455, PROPN 37, NOUN 1), да (PART 301, CONJ 295, PROPN 1), причем (CONJ 154, ADV 63), зато (CONJ 98, PART 24), иначе (ADV 143, CONJ 30), как_будто (PART 32, CONJ 22), разве_что (ADV 31, CONJ 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: и (CONJ 21962, PART 4371, X 3), а (CONJ 3422, X 4, INTJ 2, PART 1), ни (CONJ 463, PART 419), да (CONJ 180, PART 85), причем (CONJ 89, ADV 17), зато (CONJ 33, PART 20), иначе (ADV 117, CONJ 26), как_будто (PART 24, CONJ 17), разве_что (ADV 23, CONJ 5), В_противном_случае (ADV 12, CONJ 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of CONJ is 1.093023 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.665758).

The 1st highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “в_случае_если”: в_случае,_если, в_случае_если.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “оттого_что”: оттого,_что, оттого_что.

The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “по_мере_того_как”: по_мере_того,_как, по_мере_того_как.

CONJ does not occur with any features.

Relations

CONJ nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: ru-dep/cc (37626; 97% instances), ru-dep/mark (788; 2% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (229; 1% instances), ru-dep/advmod (10; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/nsubjpass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of CONJ nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (15699; 41% instances), NOUN (13986; 36% instances), ADJ (5000; 13% instances), PROPN (1911; 5% instances), ADV (1384; 4% instances), PRON (337; 1% instances), NUM (158; 0% instances), SCONJ (70; 0% instances), PART (44; 0% instances), SYM (35; 0% instances), CONJ (28; 0% instances), X (16; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances)

36672 (95%) CONJ nodes are leaves.

1738 (4%) CONJ nodes have one child.

205 (1%) CONJ nodes have two children.

56 (0%) CONJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a CONJ node is 7.

Children of CONJ nodes are attached using 19 different relations: ru-dep/punct (1462; 63% instances), ru-dep/advmod (473; 20% instances), ru-dep/conj (269; 12% instances), ru-dep/cc (29; 1% instances), ru-dep/nmod (25; 1% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (25; 1% instances), ru-dep/advcl (10; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:gov (8; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (7; 0% instances), ru-dep/case (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/neg (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/foreign (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod (1; 0% instances)

Children of CONJ nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (1462; 63% instances), PART (479; 20% instances), NOUN (119; 5% instances), VERB (116; 5% instances), ADJ (58; 2% instances), ADV (35; 1% instances), CONJ (28; 1% instances), SCONJ (13; 1% instances), PRON (9; 0% instances), PROPN (8; 0% instances), ADP (6; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


CONJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]