aux: auxiliary
In UD Finnish, only a closed list of verbs can act as auxiliaries, including the main modal verbs (see ISK §1562) and in addition the verbs olla “to be” and aikoa “to be going to”.
The full list of auxiliaries is as follows:
- täytyä “must”
- pitää “have to”
- tarvita “need”
- joutua “have to”
- voida “be able to, can”
- saattaa “may”
- taitaa “be+probably, may”
- mahtaa “be+probably, may”
- olla “be”
- aikoa “be going to”
Examples
Hän saattoi lähteä jo . \n He may(impf.) leave already .
nsubj(lähteä-3, Hän-1)
aux(lähteä-3, saattoi-2)
advmod(lähteä-3, jo-4)
punct(lähteä-3, .-5)
References
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1562 (in Finnish)
Diffs
In FinnTreeBank (FI_FTB), a wide list of verbs which are
modal or otherwise abstract by nature have been counted
among the auxiliaries. Also a limited set of verbal
compound constructions has been annotated using the
relation aux. See the full lists in
FTB Annotation Manual: 16.2 Auxiliary verb.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
2899 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as aux.
2883 instances of aux (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.54398068299414.
The following 9 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/AUX (2690; 93% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/AUX (92; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/AUX (77; 3% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/AUX (26; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/AUX (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances).
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1 Pitäisi pitää AUX V Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
2 kyllä kyllä ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 kotonakin kotona ADV Adv Clitic=Kin 4 advmod _ _
4 väsäillä väsäillä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 smoothieita smoothie NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 4 dobj _ _
6 useammin usein ADV Adv Degree=Cmp 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Luovan luova NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 tilanteen tilanne NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 5 nsubj:cop _ _
3 on olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 5 aux _ _
4 oltava olla VERB V Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 cop _ _
5 hauska hauska ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
6 . . PUNCT Punct _ 5 punct _ _
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1 Halvimmat halpa ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Number=Plur 9 nsubj:cop _ _
2 mitä mikä PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 4 dobj _ _
3 olen olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
4 nähnyt nähdä VERB V Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 1 acl:relcl _ _
5 ovat olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 aux _ _
6 olleet olla VERB V Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
7 yli yli ADV Adv _ 8 advmod _ _
8 400 400 NUM Num NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _
9 euroa euro NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punct _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
4693 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as aux.
4638 instances of aux (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.56658853611762.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (4408; 94% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (150; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (114; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (9; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PUNCT-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
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1 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 neg _ _
2 voi voida VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,ConNeg Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 aux _ _
3 ajatellakhaa ajatella VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat,Kaan Case=Lat|Clitic=Kaan|InfForm=1|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 varhmaan varmaan PART Pcle Style=Coll 3 advmod _ _
5 että että SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 9 mark _ _
6 ne ne PRON Pron,Dem,Pl,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 9 nsubj:cop _ _
7 ikinä ikinä ADV Adv _ 9 advmod _ _
8 olis olla VERB V,Act,Cond,Sg3 Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
9 vakinaisia vakinainen ADJ A,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 3 ccomp _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
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1 Se se PRON Pron,Dem,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj:cop _ _
2 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
3 tullunna tulla VERB V,Act,PcpNut,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
4 harmmoopäeseks harmaapäinen ADJ A,Sg,Tra Case=Tra|Number=Sing|Style=Coll 0 root _ _
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1 Hänestä hän PRON Pron,Pers,Sg3,Ela Case=Ela|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod _ _
2 voi voida VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
3 tulla tulla VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 4 cop _ _
4 sensaatio sensaatio NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
5 . . PUNCT Pun _ 4 punct _ _
aux in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]