This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

home en/pos issue tracker

AUX: auxiliary verb

The English AUX covers PTB MD and uses of the various verbal tags (VB, VBP, VBG, VBN, VBD, VBZ) when they are forms of be, have, do, and get when used as an auxiliary (we count passive get as an auxiliary).

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

There are 37 AUX lemmas (0%), 70 AUX types (0%) and 9579 AUX tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of AUX is: 15 in number of lemmas, 14 in number of types and 10 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent AUX lemmas: be, have, will, do, can, would, could, should, may, might

The 10 most frequent AUX types: will, can, would, have, do, is, be, was, are, has

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: be (VERB 6479, AUX 2882, NOUN 1, X 1), have (VERB 1645, AUX 1529), will (AUX 1236, NOUN 6, SCONJ 1, PROPN 1), do (AUX 1119, VERB 663, NOUN 2, ADV 1, PROPN 1), can (AUX 867, NOUN 7, VERB 3), would (AUX 792, X 1), may (AUX 225, PROPN 1), must (AUX 74, NOUN 3), get (VERB 743, AUX 40), of (ADP 3887, SCONJ 162, ADV 48, AUX 3, CONJ 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: will (AUX 960, NOUN 6, PROPN 1, SCONJ 1), can (AUX 709, NOUN 6), have (VERB 923, AUX 709), do (AUX 565, VERB 325, NOUN 2, ADV 1, ADP 1, PROPN 1), is (VERB 2188, AUX 520, PRON 1, ADV 1), be (VERB 848, AUX 498, NOUN 1, X 1), was (VERB 945, AUX 493), are (VERB 895, AUX 449), has (AUX 422, VERB 205), did (AUX 226, VERB 95)

• will
  • AUX 960: the following weekend i will be ready to rock .
  • NOUN 6: Enron continues to feel free to move me around at will .
  • PROPN 1: He also told me that he worked on the cast of will and grace and that they were all jerks .
  • SCONJ 1: He also hurt my toes will pushing my cuticles back .
• can
  • AUX 709: Now , people wonder if Google can even survive .
  • NOUN 6: my Tom cat will not eat meat just the juice in the can .?
• have
  • VERB 923: I have .
  • AUX 709: I really have n’t thought about writing a book .
• do
  • AUX 565: And what do we get for this effort ?
  • VERB 325: My life is too complicated right now trying to do my job .
  • NOUN 2: We arrived Sunday at about 230 and found a do we really liked .
  • ADV 1: I heard that more may be going up for sale in the next month or do .
  • ADP 1: Unfortunately , do to Mr. Lay ‘s schedule he will not be able to participate .
  • PROPN 1: The nearest towns to the site are Puerto Iguazu in Argentina , about 12 miles from the falls , and Foz do Iguacu in Brazil , which is equally close .
• is
  • VERB 2188: The hottest item on Christmas wish lists this year is nuclear weapons .
  • AUX 520: It is rumored that North Korea has at least a couple nuclear weapons .
  • PRON 1: You do n’t think is was because of female nudes considering the nearly naked girls / women seen at pools and beaches and the completely naked manikins that show up in store windows in malls during changes in display ?
  • ADV 1: Then the need to be mature , that is , old enough , and big enough to breed .
• be
  • VERB 848: Right now that seems to be the US , EU , and IAEA .
  • AUX 498: Adobe Acrobat Reader 4.0 may be downloaded for FREE from www.adobe.com .
  • NOUN 1: Talked to the little mother - to - be .
  • X 1: Anthony Shadid of the Washington Post reveals that the warrants for the arrests had been issued months be for .
• was
  • VERB 945: In Ramadi , there was a big demonstration .
  • AUX 493: The hymn was sung at my first inaugural church service as governor .
• are
  • VERB 895: Laura and I are Methodists .
  • AUX 449: max and jen are looking for you .
• has
  • AUX 422: It is true that Google has been in acquisition mode .
  • VERB 205: It is rumored that North Korea has at least a couple nuclear weapons .
• did
  • AUX 226: Yet we did n’t charge them for the evacuation .
  • VERB 95: He also had bright blue eyes like Frank Sinatra did :)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of AUX is 1.891892 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.173735).

The 1st highest number of forms (16) was observed with the lemma “be”: ‘m, ‘re, ‘s, ai, am, are, be, been, being, is, m, r, re, s, was, were.

The 2nd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “have”: ‘d, ‘s, ‘ve, had, has, have, having, v, ve.

The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “will”: ‘ll, ll, will, wilt, wo.

AUX occurs with 5 features: en-feat/VerbForm (9579; 100% instances), en-feat/Tense (4714; 49% instances), en-feat/Mood (4594; 48% instances), en-feat/Number (1834; 19% instances), en-feat/Person (1831; 19% instances)

AUX occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=3, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Ger, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part

AUX occurs with 12 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is VerbForm=Fin (3998 tokens). Examples: will, can, would, could, do, should, have, is, was, are

Relations

AUX nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: en-dep/aux (7918; 83% instances), en-dep/auxpass (1557; 16% instances), en-dep/advcl (34; 0% instances), en-dep/acl:relcl (17; 0% instances), en-dep/root (16; 0% instances), en-dep/conj (14; 0% instances), en-dep/ccomp (9; 0% instances), en-dep/cop (5; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (4; 0% instances), en-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), en-dep/compound (1; 0% instances), en-dep/mark (1; 0% instances), en-dep/reparandum (1; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of AUX nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (8729; 91% instances), ADJ (414; 4% instances), NOUN (255; 3% instances), ADV (79; 1% instances), PROPN (33; 0% instances), PRON (27; 0% instances), ROOT (16; 0% instances), NUM (11; 0% instances), ADP (7; 0% instances), AUX (4; 0% instances), DET (3; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

9490 (99%) AUX nodes are leaves.

21 (0%) AUX nodes have one child.

36 (0%) AUX nodes have two children.

32 (0%) AUX nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a AUX node is 7.

Children of AUX nodes are attached using 19 different relations: en-dep/nsubj (80; 36% instances), en-dep/mark (36; 16% instances), en-dep/punct (23; 10% instances), en-dep/advmod (19; 8% instances), en-dep/neg (12; 5% instances), en-dep/advcl (11; 5% instances), en-dep/conj (8; 4% instances), en-dep/cc (7; 3% instances), en-dep/xcomp (6; 3% instances), en-dep/dobj (5; 2% instances), en-dep/aux (3; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod (3; 1% instances), en-dep/discourse (2; 1% instances), en-dep/expl (2; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod:tmod (2; 1% instances), en-dep/parataxis (2; 1% instances), en-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), en-dep/goeswith (1; 0% instances), en-dep/mwe (1; 0% instances)

Children of AUX nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PRON (73; 33% instances), SCONJ (34; 15% instances), PUNCT (23; 10% instances), VERB (23; 10% instances), ADV (22; 10% instances), PART (14; 6% instances), NOUN (13; 6% instances), CONJ (7; 3% instances), AUX (4; 2% instances), PROPN (4; 2% instances), ADJ (3; 1% instances), INTJ (2; 1% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

There are 1 AUX lemmas (6%), 1 AUX types (6%) and 4533 AUX tokens (5%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of AUX is: 4 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent AUX lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent AUX types: _

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 15635, VERB 15080, PRON 10618, DET 10057, PUNCT 9580, ADP 8546, ADJ 5857, ADV 5704, AUX 4533, PART 3531, CONJ 3198, SCONJ 2516, PROPN 1795, NUM 844, INTJ 80, X 68, SYM 39)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 15635, VERB 15080, PRON 10618, DET 10057, PUNCT 9580, ADP 8546, ADJ 5857, ADV 5704, AUX 4533, PART 3531, CONJ 3198, SCONJ 2516, PROPN 1795, NUM 844, INTJ 80, X 68, SYM 39)

• _
  • NOUN 15635: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • VERB 15080: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PRON 10618: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • DET 10057: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PUNCT 9580: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • ADP 8546: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • ADJ 5857: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • ADV 5704: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • AUX 4533: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PART 3531: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • CONJ 3198: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • SCONJ 2516: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PROPN 1795: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • NUM 844: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • INTJ 80: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • X 68: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • SYM 39: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of AUX is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.000000).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.

AUX does not occur with any features.

Relations

AUX nodes are attached to their parents using 8 different relations: en-dep/aux (4009; 88% instances), en-dep/auxpass (495; 11% instances), en-dep/advcl (10; 0% instances), en-dep/root (6; 0% instances), en-dep/acl:relcl (4; 0% instances), en-dep/conj (4; 0% instances), en-dep/ccomp (3; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances)

Parents of AUX nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (4046; 89% instances), ADJ (283; 6% instances), NOUN (154; 3% instances), ADV (15; 0% instances), PROPN (13; 0% instances), PRON (8; 0% instances), ROOT (6; 0% instances), NUM (3; 0% instances), AUX (2; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

4484 (99%) AUX nodes are leaves.

19 (0%) AUX nodes have one child.

17 (0%) AUX nodes have two children.

13 (0%) AUX nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a AUX node is 7.

Children of AUX nodes are attached using 19 different relations: en-dep/nsubj (38; 37% instances), en-dep/mark (12; 12% instances), en-dep/punct (9; 9% instances), en-dep/xcomp (8; 8% instances), en-dep/advmod (7; 7% instances), en-dep/advcl (5; 5% instances), en-dep/neg (5; 5% instances), en-dep/mwe (4; 4% instances), en-dep/aux (2; 2% instances), en-dep/ccomp (2; 2% instances), en-dep/csubj (2; 2% instances), en-dep/amod (1; 1% instances), en-dep/case (1; 1% instances), en-dep/conj (1; 1% instances), en-dep/det (1; 1% instances), en-dep/dobj (1; 1% instances), en-dep/expl (1; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod (1; 1% instances), en-dep/nmod:tmod (1; 1% instances)

Children of AUX nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: PRON (37; 36% instances), VERB (16; 16% instances), ADV (11; 11% instances), SCONJ (11; 11% instances), PUNCT (9; 9% instances), NOUN (6; 6% instances), PART (6; 6% instances), ADJ (2; 2% instances), AUX (2; 2% instances), ADP (1; 1% instances), DET (1; 1% instances)

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

There are 1 AUX lemmas (6%), 37 AUX types (0%) and 3168 AUX tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of AUX is: 4 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent AUX lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent AUX types: had, was, can, been, would, be, have, could, is, will

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 14939, VERB 11076, PUNCT 10025, ADP 8281, DET 7865, PRON 7793, ADJ 5305, ADV 4610, AUX 3168, PROPN 2792, CONJ 2535, PART 2131, SCONJ 1512, NUM 581, INTJ 159, X 43, SYM 6)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: had (AUX 441, VERB 103), was (VERB 650, AUX 253), be (AUX 182, VERB 168), have (AUX 157, VERB 100), is (VERB 413, AUX 145), will (AUX 133, NOUN 5), are (VERB 146, AUX 131), were (AUX 122, VERB 111), has (AUX 100, VERB 33), did (AUX 94, VERB 19)

• had
  • AUX 441: He felt remarkably calm , as if everything had already happened to him .
  • VERB 103: It could be that Auster had so much work he did n’t need to advertise .
• was
  • VERB 650: It was a woman who opened the apartment door .
  • AUX 253: Quinn was used to wandering .
• be
  • AUX 182: The converted data will be displayed as Mom ‘s Boston Crab Meat .
  • VERB 168: The current Windows NT user must be an Administrator for the computer .
• have
  • AUX 157: You have to keep trying .
  • VERB 100: ” I ca n’t do that , we have n’t enough for them , “ she says .
• is
  • VERB 413: That is :
  • AUX 145: Worse yet , what is going on will not let us alone .
• will
  • AUX 133: The converted data will be displayed as Mom ‘s Boston Crab Meat .
  • NOUN 5: I say this of my free will . Yes .
• are
  • VERB 146: The other fields are outer fields .
  • AUX 131: The corridors are jumping with them .
• were
  • AUX 122: You would think they were praying to it .
  • VERB 111: In bush stations there was n’t anything we were n’t responsible for .
• has
  • AUX 100: The fact that my name has been mixed up in this .
  • VERB 33: Each area has its own way of making wine .
• did
  • AUX 94: But no , that did not seem possible .
  • VERB 19: and if he did n’t , then Quinn was going nowhere , was wasting his time .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of AUX is 37.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 597.705882).

The 1st highest number of forms (37) was observed with the lemma “_”: ‘d, ‘ll, ‘m, ‘re, ‘s, ‘ve, am, are, be, been, being, ca, can, could, did, do, does, get, got, had, has, have, having, is, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, used, want, was, were, will, wo, would.

AUX does not occur with any features.

Relations

AUX nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: en-dep/aux (2476; 78% instances), en-dep/auxpass (501; 16% instances), en-dep/cop (80; 3% instances), en-dep/root (43; 1% instances), en-dep/advcl (24; 1% instances), en-dep/ccomp (9; 0% instances), en-dep/conj (9; 0% instances), en-dep/acl:relcl (8; 0% instances), en-dep/acl (6; 0% instances), en-dep/amod (3; 0% instances), en-dep/appos (3; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (3; 0% instances), en-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of AUX nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (2820; 89% instances), ADJ (134; 4% instances), NOUN (74; 2% instances), AUX (64; 2% instances), ROOT (43; 1% instances), PRON (12; 0% instances), ADV (8; 0% instances), PROPN (6; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), NUM (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances)

2834 (89%) AUX nodes are leaves.

220 (7%) AUX nodes have one child.

28 (1%) AUX nodes have two children.

86 (3%) AUX nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a AUX node is 11.

Children of AUX nodes are attached using 23 different relations: en-dep/punct (221; 32% instances), en-dep/nsubj (94; 13% instances), en-dep/mark (86; 12% instances), en-dep/aux (65; 9% instances), en-dep/nmod (52; 7% instances), en-dep/advmod (42; 6% instances), en-dep/dobj (27; 4% instances), en-dep/cc (18; 3% instances), en-dep/xcomp (15; 2% instances), en-dep/neg (13; 2% instances), en-dep/conj (12; 2% instances), en-dep/discourse (11; 2% instances), en-dep/advcl (10; 1% instances), en-dep/case (10; 1% instances), en-dep/expl (10; 1% instances), en-dep/cop (4; 1% instances), en-dep/ccomp (3; 0% instances), en-dep/dislocated (2; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances), en-dep/appos (1; 0% instances), en-dep/nmod:poss (1; 0% instances), en-dep/nsubjpass (1; 0% instances), en-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of AUX nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (221; 32% instances), PRON (90; 13% instances), NOUN (85; 12% instances), SCONJ (75; 11% instances), AUX (64; 9% instances), VERB (46; 7% instances), ADV (43; 6% instances), CONJ (19; 3% instances), PART (16; 2% instances), ADP (13; 2% instances), PROPN (13; 2% instances), INTJ (10; 1% instances), ADJ (5; 1% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)

---

AUX in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

© 2014 Universal Dependencies contributors. Site powered by Annodoc and brat

.