aux: auxiliary
An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause, e.g., a modal auxiliary, or a form of be, do or have in a periphrastic tense.
(Contrary to the older SD and arguments of Pullum (1982) and following, infinitive to is not analyzed as an auxiliary. Instead, it is analyzed as a mark.)
Reagan has died
aux(died-3, has-2)
He should leave
aux(leave-3, should-2)
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This relation is universal.
7964 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as aux.
7937 instances of aux (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.71371170266198.
The following 17 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (7136; 90% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/AUX (405; 5% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/AUX (242; 3% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/AUX (58; 1% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/AUX (33; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (24; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/AUX (19; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (14; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/AUX (11; 0% instances), en-pos/ADP-en-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), en-pos/DET-en-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/SYM-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 aux color:blue
1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
2 've have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _
3 moved move VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
4 on on ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 5 aux color:blue
1 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
2 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 amod _ _
3 weekend weekend NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod:tmod _ _
4 i i PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _
5 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _
6 be be VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 cop _ _
7 ready ready ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _
8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _
9 rock rock VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _
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# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 10 6 aux color:blue
1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 expl _ _
2 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
3 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _
4 that that SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _
5 Google Google PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _
6 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _
7 been be VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 10 cop _ _
8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _
9 acquisition acquisition NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _
10 mode mode NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 csubj _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)
This relation is universal.
4011 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as aux.
3996 instances of aux (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.55472450760409.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (3545; 88% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/AUX (278; 7% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/AUX (149; 4% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/AUX (13; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/AUX (9; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/DET-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PART-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 21 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 21 19 aux color:blue
1 _ _ ADP IN _ 3 case _ _
2 _ _ DET DT _ 3 det _ _
3 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
4 _ _ PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _
5 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 _ _ VERB VBD _ 0 root _ _
7 _ _ ADP IN _ 8 case _ _
8 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
9 _ _ ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _
10 _ _ PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _
11 _ _ CONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _
12 _ _ NOUN NN _ 8 conj _ _
13 _ _ ADP IN _ 16 case _ _
14 _ _ DET PRP$ _ 16 nmod:poss _ _
15 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 16 amod _ _
16 _ _ NOUN NN _ 12 nmod _ _
17 _ _ PUNCT -RRB- _ 12 punct _ _
18 _ _ PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _
19 _ _ AUX VBP _ 21 aux _ _
20 _ _ PRON PRP _ 21 nsubj _ _
21 _ _ VERB VB _ 6 parataxis _ _
22 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 nsubj _ _
23 _ _ VERB VBP _ 21 ccomp _ _
24 _ _ PRON PRP _ 23 iobj _ _
25 _ _ ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _
26 _ _ PRON NN _ 23 dobj _ _
27 _ _ PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 4 2 aux color:blue
1 _ _ NOUN NNS _ 4 nsubj _ _
2 _ _ AUX MD _ 4 aux _ _
3 _ _ VERB VB _ 4 cop _ _
4 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 0 root _ _
5 _ _ PART TO _ 6 mark _ _
6 _ _ VERB VB _ 4 xcomp _ _
7 _ _ PRON PRP _ 6 dobj _ _
8 _ _ ADP IN _ 10 case _ _
9 _ _ DET DT _ 10 det _ _
10 _ _ NOUN NN _ 6 nmod _ _
11 _ _ PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 2 aux color:blue
1 _ _ PRON DT _ 5 nsubj _ _
2 _ _ AUX MD _ 5 aux _ _
3 _ _ VERB VB _ 5 cop _ _
4 _ _ DET DT _ 5 det _ _
5 _ _ NOUN NN _ 0 root _ _
6 _ _ ADP IN _ 7 case _ _
7 _ _ PROPN NNP _ 5 nmod _ _
8 _ _ PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ _
9 _ _ CONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _
10 _ _ PRON PRP _ 11 nsubj _ _
11 _ _ VERB VBD _ 5 conj _ _
12 _ _ DET DT _ 13 det _ _
13 _ _ NOUN NN _ 11 dobj _ _
14 _ _ CONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _
15 _ _ DET DT _ 16 det _ _
16 _ _ NOUN NN _ 13 conj _ _
17 _ _ PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _
18 _ _ DET DT _ 21 det _ _
19 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 21 amod _ _
20 _ _ ADJ JJ _ 21 amod _ _
21 _ _ NOUN NN _ 16 appos _ _
22 _ _ PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)
This relation is universal.
2617 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as aux.
2609 instances of aux (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.65380206343141.
The following 21 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: en-pos/VERB-en-pos/AUX (2263; 86% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/VERB (130; 5% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/AUX (95; 4% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/AUX (62; 2% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/AUX (40; 2% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), en-pos/AUX-en-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), en-pos/DET-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/AUX (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADP-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADV-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NUM-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PART-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PART-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PUNCT-en-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 4 aux color:blue
1 The _ DET DEF _ 3 det _ _
2 converted _ ADJ PASS _ 3 amod _ _
3 data _ NOUN PL _ 6 nsubjpass _ _
4 will _ AUX PRES-AUX _ 6 aux _ _
5 be _ AUX INF _ 6 auxpass _ _
6 displayed _ VERB PASS _ 0 root _ _
7 as _ ADP _ _ 12 case _ _
8 Mom _ NOUN SG _ 10 amod _ _
9 's _ PART GEN _ 8 case _ _
10 Boston _ PROPN SG _ 12 compound _ _
11 Crab _ NOUN SG _ 10 name _ _
12 Meat _ NOUN SG _ 6 nmod _ _
13 . _ PUNCT Period _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
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1 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 4 nsubj _ _
2 do _ VERB PRES _ 4 aux _ _
3 not _ PART NEG _ 4 neg _ _
4 agree _ VERB INF _ 0 root _ _
5 with _ ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
6 him _ PRON PERS-P3SG-ACC _ 4 nmod _ _
7 at _ ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
8 all _ PRON TOT-SG _ 4 nmod _ _
9 . _ PUNCT Period _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 4 aux color:blue
1 Arthur _ PROPN SG _ 6 nsubj _ _
2 and _ CONJ _ _ 1 cc _ _
3 I _ PRON PERS-P1SG-NOM _ 1 conj _ _
4 have _ AUX PRES-AUX _ 6 aux _ _
5 been _ AUX PERF _ 6 cop _ _
6 worried _ ADJ POS _ 0 root _ _
7 about _ ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
8 you _ PRON PERS-P2 _ 6 nmod _ _
9 , _ PUNCT Comma _ 10 punct _ _
10 too _ ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
11 . _ PUNCT Period _ 6 punct _ _
aux in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]