ADJ: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. They may also function as predicates, as in
その 車 は 赤い. “The car is red.”
The ADJ tag is intended for ordinary adjectives only. See DET
for determiners and NUM for cardinal numerals.
Nominal adjectives (自由 “free”) are also classified into ADJ,
which are a kind of noun but behave like
ordinary adjectives in being followed by an auxiliary verb (e.g. だ).
In UniDic, this kind of nouns is tagged with noun (common.adjectival)/名詞-普通名詞-形状詞可能.
Note that they are tagged NOUN when they are used as nouns
(e.g. 自由 を 手に入れる “gain freedom”).
Japanese has a small group of adnominal words (adnominal) that
usually precede noun phrases like adjectives, but do not conjugate.
In Universal PoS, th limited number of pronominal adjectives (e.g. あの “that”, どの “which”)
are classified into determiner DET,
but the other adnimonal words are tagged ADJ (e.g. 同じ “same”, 大きな “big”).
Examples
- 赤い “red”, 大きい “big” (
adjective_i (general)/ 形容詞-一般) - 必要(+だ) “necessary”, 簡単(+だ) “easy”(
adjectival_noun/ 形状詞-一般) - 自由(+だ) “free” (
noun(common.adjectival)/ 名詞-普通名詞-形状詞可能) - 同じ “same” (
adnominal/ 連体詞) - いろんな “various” (
adnominal/ 連体詞) - indefinite determiners: ある “a/one” (
adnominal/ 連体詞) - possessive determiners: 我が “my” (
adnominal/ 連体詞)
References
Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese-KTC)
There are 224 ADJ lemmas (4%), 1 ADJ types (6%) and 4996 ADJ tokens (2%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 4 in number of lemmas, 1 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: _, 無い, 良い, 多い, 強い, 大きい, 何の, 早い, 少ない, 高い
The 10 most frequent ADJ types: _
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 73916, ADP 56601, PUNCT 29066, AUX 10360, SCONJ 9060, NUM 8667, VERB 8579, ADJ 3304, PART 2730, CONJ 2110, PROPN 1795, ADV 1655, SYM 1138, PRON 138, DET 95, INTJ 15), 無い (AUX 533, ADJ 441), 良い (ADJ 84, AUX 68, ADV 1, VERB 1), 多い (ADJ 68, NOUN 1), 早い (ADJ 47, ADV 1), 無し (ADJ 35, VERB 1), 或る (ADJ 23, VERB 4, AUX 1), 若い (ADJ 9, NOUN 1), 欲しい (AUX 95, ADJ 7), 遥か (NOUN 12, ADJ 6)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 83879, ADP 56602, AUX 29224, PUNCT 29066, VERB 24527, NUM 10685, SCONJ 9342, PROPN 7729, ADJ 4996, PART 2783, CONJ 2763, ADV 2738, SYM 1138, DET 1067, PRON 1065, INTJ 27)
- _
- NOUN 83879: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADP 56602: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- AUX 29224: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PUNCT 29066: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- VERB 24527: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- NUM 10685: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- SCONJ 9342: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PROPN 7729: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADJ 4996: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PART 2783: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- CONJ 2763: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADV 2738: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- SYM 1138: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- DET 1067: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PRON 1065: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- INTJ 27: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 0.004464 (the average of all parts of speech is 0.002927).
The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.
The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “かちかち”: _.
The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “か細い”: _.
ADJ does not occur with any features.
Relations
ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 15 different relations: ja-dep/amod (1828; 37% instances), ja-dep/root (716; 14% instances), ja-dep/acl (639; 13% instances), ja-dep/nmod (552; 11% instances), ja-dep/advmod (360; 7% instances), ja-dep/advcl (253; 5% instances), ja-dep/dep (181; 4% instances), ja-dep/iobj (181; 4% instances), ja-dep/conj (103; 2% instances), ja-dep/ccomp (101; 2% instances), ja-dep/csubj (39; 1% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (23; 0% instances), ja-dep/compound (13; 0% instances), ja-dep/dobj (5; 0% instances), ja-dep/case (2; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: NOUN (2721; 54% instances), VERB (1377; 28% instances), ROOT (716; 14% instances), ADJ (151; 3% instances), PROPN (20; 0% instances), ADV (6; 0% instances), CONJ (2; 0% instances), PRON (2; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)
1746 (35%) ADJ nodes are leaves.
1385 (28%) ADJ nodes have one child.
562 (11%) ADJ nodes have two children.
1303 (26%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 11.
Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 20 different relations: ja-dep/aux (1980; 24% instances), ja-dep/punct (1460; 18% instances), ja-dep/nsubj (1316; 16% instances), ja-dep/dep (808; 10% instances), ja-dep/nmod (621; 8% instances), ja-dep/mark (587; 7% instances), ja-dep/advmod (334; 4% instances), ja-dep/iobj (285; 3% instances), ja-dep/case (279; 3% instances), ja-dep/cc (114; 1% instances), ja-dep/cop (103; 1% instances), ja-dep/conj (91; 1% instances), ja-dep/neg (78; 1% instances), ja-dep/csubj (68; 1% instances), ja-dep/advcl (37; 0% instances), ja-dep/ccomp (18; 0% instances), ja-dep/dobj (16; 0% instances), ja-dep/compound (4; 0% instances), ja-dep/acl (1; 0% instances), ja-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (2344; 29% instances), AUX (2193; 27% instances), PUNCT (1456; 18% instances), VERB (562; 7% instances), ADP (528; 6% instances), ADV (340; 4% instances), SCONJ (283; 3% instances), ADJ (151; 2% instances), CONJ (121; 1% instances), PART (95; 1% instances), PRON (68; 1% instances), PROPN (48; 1% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]