AUX: auxiliary verb
Definition
An auxiliary verb is a verb that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, and voice.
Swedish auxiliary verbs can be divided into tense auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries, passive auxiliaries, and copulas.
Examples
- Tense auxiliary: har gjort “has done”, kommer (att) göra “is going to do”, hade gjort “hade done”
- Modal auxiliary: måste skapa “must create”, bör leda till “should lead to”
- Passive auxiliary: blev tvungen “was forced”, blir skalad “is peeled”
- Copula: är sjuk “is sick”, var en idiot “was an idiot”
Delimitation
The exact delimitation of auxiliaries in Swedish is not completely clear-cut, especially for the category of modal auxiliaries and copulas. In the Swedish UD treebank, we have adopted a consensus solution based on existing Swedish grammars, the original Talbanken annotation, and the universal UD guidelines. Below we list the verbs that may appear in each group:
- Tense auxiliary: har, komma
- Modal auxiliary: böra, kunna, måste, skola, vilja, må, torde, lär, få, behöva
- Passive auxiliary: bli
- Copula: vara
AUX in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [et] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [yue] [zh]