This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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Dependencies

Note: nmod, neg, and punct appear in two places.

Core dependents of clausal predicates Nominal dep Predicate dep nsubj csubj nsubjpass csubjpass dobj ccomp xcomp iobj	Non-core dependents of clausal predicates Nominal dep Predicate dep Modifier word nmod advcl advmod     neg	Special clausal dependents Nominal dep Auxiliary Other vocative aux mark discourse auxpass punct expl cop
Noun dependents Nominal dep Predicate dep Modifier word nummod acl amod appos   det nmod   neg	Compounding and unanalyzed compound mwe goeswith name foreign	Coordination conj cc punct
Case-marking, prepositions, possessive case	Loose joining relations list parataxis remnant dislocated reparandum	Other Sentence head Unspecified dependency root dep

---

acl: clausal modifier of noun

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for acl.

edit acl

advcl: adverbial clause modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for advcl.

edit advcl

advmod: adverbial modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for advmod.

edit advmod

amod: adjectival modifier

An adjectival modifier of a noun is any adjectival phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the noun.

Exception: if the modifying adjectival word is pronominal (i.e. tagged DET), the relation is det instead of amod.

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1	Ніна	Ніна	NPROP	NSN	_	2	nsubj	_	_
2	їсть	їсти	VERB	VPR3s	_	0	root	_	_
3	зелене	зелений	ADJ	ASA	_	4	amod	_	_
4	яблуко	яблуко	NOUN	NSA	_	2	dobj	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "NPROP", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "VERB", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "ADJ", [ [ 10, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 17, 23 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R3", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: Ніна" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NSN" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: їсти" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VPR3s" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: зелений" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: ASA" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: яблуко" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NSA" ] ],
    "styles": [],
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ],
    "text": "Ніна їсть зелене яблуко",
    "error": false
}

edit

  

    
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Ігор взяв десятитисячну позику . \n Igor has taken a ten-thousand loan .
amod(позику, десятитисячну)
amod(loan, ten-thousand)
{
    "text": "Ігор взяв десятитисячну позику . \n Igor has taken a ten-thousand loan . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 24, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 35, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 40, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 52, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 65, 69 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 70, 71 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T11" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Перший бігун був швидкий . \n First racer was fast .
amod(бігун, Перший)
amod(racer, First)
nsubj(швидкий, бігун)
nsubj(fast, racer)
{
    "text": "Перший бігун був швидкий . \n First racer was fast . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 45, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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Швидкий бігун був перший . \n Fast racer was first .
amod(бігун, Швидкий)
amod(racer, Fast)
nsubj(перший, бігун)
nsubj(first, racer)
{
    "text": "Швидкий бігун був перший . \n Fast racer was first . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 40, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 44, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

edit amod

appos: appositional modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for appos.

edit appos

aux: auxiliary

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for aux.

edit aux

auxpass: passive auxiliary

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for auxpass.

edit auxpass

case: case marking

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for case.

edit case

cc: coordinating conjunction

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for cc.

edit cc

ccomp: clausal complement

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for ccomp.

edit ccomp

compound: compound

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for compound.

edit compound

conj: conjunct

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for conj.

edit conj

cop: copula

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for cop.

edit cop

csubj: clausal subject

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for csubj.

edit csubj

csubjpass: clausal passive subject

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for csubjpass.

edit csubjpass

dep: unspecified dependency

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dep.

edit dep

det: determiner

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for det.

edit det

discourse: discourse element

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for discourse.

edit discourse

dislocated: dislocated elements

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dislocated.

edit dislocated

dobj: direct object

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dobj.

edit dobj

expl: expletive

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for expl.

edit expl

foreign: foreign words

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for foreign.

edit foreign

goeswith: goes with

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for goeswith.

edit goeswith

iobj: indirect object

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for iobj.

edit iobj

list: list

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for list.

edit list

mark: marker

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for mark.

edit mark

mwe: multi-word expression

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for mwe.

edit mwe

name: name

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for name.

edit name

neg: negation modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for neg.

edit neg

nmod: nominal modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nmod.

edit nmod

nsubj: nominal subject

A nominal subject is a nominal phrase which is the syntactic subject of a clause; in Ukrainian, the phrase is in the nominative Case. (See csubj for when the subject is clausal. See nsubjpass and csubjpass for when the subject is not the proto-agent argument due to valence changing operations.) The governor of the nsubj relation might not always be a verb: when the verb is a copular verb, the root of the clause is the complement of the copular verb, which can be an adjective or noun. Copular verbs in the present tense are in most cases omitted in Ukrainian.

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Заповіт написав Тарас Шевченко . \n The Will was written by Taras Shevchenko .
nsubj(написав, Шевченко-4)
nsubj(wrote, Shevchenko-13)
{
    "text": "Заповіт написав Тарас Шевченко . \n The Will was written by Taras Shevchenko . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 16, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 22, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T10", "token", [ [ 48, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T11", "token", [ [ 56, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T12", "token", [ [ 59, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T13", "token", [ [ 65, 75 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T14", "token", [ [ 76, 77 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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Машина -- червона . \n Car is red .
nsubj(червона, Машина)
nsubj(red, Car)
{
    "text": "Машина -- червона . \n Car is red . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 26, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T8", "token", [ [ 29, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 33, 34 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

edit nsubj

nsubjpass: passive nominal subject

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nsubjpass.

edit nsubjpass

nummod: numeric modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nummod.

edit nummod

parataxis: parataxis

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for parataxis.

edit parataxis

punct: punctuation

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for punct.

edit punct

remnant: remnant in ellipsis

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for remnant.

edit remnant

reparandum: overridden disfluency

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for reparandum.

edit reparandum

root: root

The root grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence. A fake node ROOT is used as the governor. The ROOT node is indexed with 0, since the indexing of real words in the sentence starts at 1.

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ROOT Макаревич любить макарони . \n ROOT Makarevych loves pasta .
root(ROOT-1, любить)
root(ROOT-7, loves)
{
    "text": "ROOT Макаревич любить макарони . \n ROOT Makarevych loves pasta . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-7-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T3", "token", [ [ 15, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T4", "token", [ [ 22, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T5", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T7", "token", [ [ 35, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T8", "token", [ [ 40, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T9", "token", [ [ 51, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T10", "token", [ [ 57, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T11", "token", [ [ 63, 64 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-7-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-R2", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "7" ]
}

There is just one node with the root dependency relation in every tree. If the main predicate is not present (due to ellipsis) and there are multiple orphaned dependents, the leftmost dependent is promoted to the head (root) position and the other orphans are attached to it.

An example sentence-like segment that lacks the main verb: _А вони що [роблять]? _ “And what [do] they [do]?”

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ROOT А вони що ? \n ROOT And they what ?
root(ROOT-1, А)
root(ROOT-6, And)
nsubj(А, вони)
nsubj(And, they)
dobj(А, що)
dobj(And, what)
punct(А, ?-4)
punct(And, ?-10)
{
    "text": "ROOT А вони що ? \n ROOT And they what ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-8-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T5", "token", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T7", "token", [ [ 19, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T8", "token", [ [ 24, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T9", "token", [ [ 28, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T10", "token", [ [ 33, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T11", "token", [ [ 38, 39 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-8-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-R5", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-R6", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "8" ]
}

edit root

vocative: vocative

The vocative relation is used to mark dialogue participant addressed in text. The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence. In Ukrainian, the addressee’s name must also appear in the vocative Case form.

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Пане Президенте , скільки можна ? \n Mister President , you-should-stop-it !
vocative(можна, Президенте)
vocative(you-should-stop-it, President)
{
    "text": "Пане Президенте , скільки можна ? \n Mister President , you-should-stop-it ! ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-9-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T3", "token", [ [ 16, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T5", "token", [ [ 26, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T6", "token", [ [ 32, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T8", "token", [ [ 36, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T9", "token", [ [ 43, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T10", "token", [ [ 53, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T11", "token", [ [ 55, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T12", "token", [ [ 74, 75 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-9-R1", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-9-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-9-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-R2", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-9-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-9-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "9" ]
}

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Громадяни , ану в чергу ! \n Citizens , go to the-queue !
vocative(ану, Громадяни)
vocative(go, Citizens)
{
    "text": "Громадяни , ану в чергу ! \n Citizens , go to the-queue ! ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-10-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T2", "token", [ [ 10, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T9", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T10", "token", [ [ 39, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T12", "token", [ [ 45, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-10-R1", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-10-R2", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-10-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-10-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "10" ]
}

edit vocative

xcomp: open clausal complement

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for xcomp.

edit xcomp

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