aux
: auxiliary
In Kazakh, only a closed list of verbs can act as auxiliaries. These are words take part in participle constructions.
The full list of auxiliaries is as follows:
- ал- “do, make”
- баста- “start”
- бер- “”
- біт- “”
- бітір- “”
- бол- “be”
- ет- “”
- жазда- “”
- жат- “”
- жүр- “”
- қал- “”
- кел- “come”
- кет- “”
- көр- “see”
- отыр- “”
- сал- “”
- тұр- “stand”
- шық- “”
Note: Some of these are ambiguous with lexical verbs.
Examples
Treebank Statistics (UD_Kazakh)
This relation is universal.
153 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as aux
.
153 instances of aux
(100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.07843137254902.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux
: VERB-AUX (142; 93% instances), NOUN-AUX (5; 3% instances), VERB-VERB (4; 3% instances), ADJ-AUX (2; 1% instances).
aux in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]