AUX: auxiliary verb
Definition
The definition of Japanese AUX is different from that in European language focused on modal verbs.
The AUX tag is used for words tagged by auxiliary_verb / 助動詞 in UniDic.
In addition, AUX is also used for functional verbs / adjectives tagged by verb (bound) / 動詞-非自立可能 or adjective_i (bound) / 形容詞-非自立可能 when they are followed by a main verb or an adjective.
Examples
- 食べた “eat”+PAST (
auxiliary_verb/ 助動詞) :AUXfor past tense marker which follows a `VERB’ “食べ” - 勉強する “study” (
verb (bound)/ 動詞-非自立可能) : verbify a functional noun - 食べている “be studying” (progressive) (
verb (bound)/ 動詞-非自立可能) : a functional verb for progressive aspect - 食べない “not study” (negation) (
adjective_i (bound)/ 形容詞-非自立可能) : a functional adjective for negation
Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese-KTC)
There are 79 AUX lemmas (1%), 1 AUX types (6%) and 29224 AUX tokens (11%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of AUX is: 6 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent AUX lemmas: _, 為る, だ, 居る, れる, 有る, 無い, 様, 来る, ない
The 10 most frequent AUX types: _
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 73916, ADP 56601, PUNCT 29066, AUX 10360, SCONJ 9060, NUM 8667, VERB 8579, ADJ 3304, PART 2730, CONJ 2110, PROPN 1795, ADV 1655, SYM 1138, PRON 138, DET 95, INTJ 15), 為る (AUX 4896, VERB 1732, SCONJ 5), だ (AUX 4494, SCONJ 12, CONJ 2), 居る (AUX 2517, VERB 106), 有る (VERB 892, AUX 876, ADJ 5), 無い (AUX 533, ADJ 441), 様 (AUX 439, NOUN 7), 来る (AUX 373, VERB 38), 成る (VERB 1051, AUX 221), 出来る (AUX 215, VERB 150)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 83879, ADP 56602, AUX 29224, PUNCT 29066, VERB 24527, NUM 10685, SCONJ 9342, PROPN 7729, ADJ 4996, PART 2783, CONJ 2763, ADV 2738, SYM 1138, DET 1067, PRON 1065, INTJ 27)
- _
- NOUN 83879: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADP 56602: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- AUX 29224: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PUNCT 29066: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- VERB 24527: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- NUM 10685: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- SCONJ 9342: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PROPN 7729: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADJ 4996: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PART 2783: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- CONJ 2763: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- ADV 2738: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- SYM 1138: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- DET 1067: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- PRON 1065: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
- INTJ 27: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of AUX is 0.012658 (the average of all parts of speech is 0.002927).
The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.
The 2nd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “うう”: _.
The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “うー”: _.
AUX does not occur with any features.
Relations
AUX nodes are attached to their parents using 7 different relations: ja-dep/aux (21450; 73% instances), ja-dep/cop (3450; 12% instances), ja-dep/auxpass (1950; 7% instances), ja-dep/neg (1811; 6% instances), ja-dep/dep (524; 2% instances), ja-dep/mwe (38; 0% instances), ja-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances)
Parents of AUX nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (22222; 76% instances), NOUN (4454; 15% instances), ADJ (2193; 8% instances), ADV (160; 1% instances), PROPN (57; 0% instances), DET (50; 0% instances), ADP (38; 0% instances), PRON (25; 0% instances), AUX (10; 0% instances), NUM (8; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances), PART (3; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances)
29214 (100%) AUX nodes are leaves.
9 (0%) AUX nodes have one child.
1 (0%) AUX nodes have two children.
The highest child degree of a AUX node is 2.
Children of AUX nodes are attached using 1 different relations: ja-dep/dep (11; 100% instances)
Children of AUX nodes belong to 2 different parts of speech: AUX (10; 91% instances), ADP (1; 9% instances)
AUX in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]