This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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Specific constructions

Qu’est-ce que … ?

We analyze “qu’est-ce que …” as follows: the first qu’ gets the true grammatical relation given the sentence , ce is an expletive, est is a copula and the second que is a mwe dependent on ce



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Qu' est - ce qu' un déliquant ? \n What is an offender?
root(ROOT, Qu')
cop(est,  Qu')
expl(Qu', ce)
mwe(ce, qu')
nsubj(Qu', délinquant)
{
    "text": "Qu' est - ce qu' un déliquant ? \n What is an offender? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 20, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 34, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 39, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 42, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 45, 54 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "expl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Qu' est - ce qu' il a fait ? \n What did he do ?
root(ROOT, fait)
dobj(fait, Qu')
expl(fait, ce)
mwe(ce, qu')
cop(fait, est)
nsubj(fait, il)
{
    "text": "Qu' est - ce qu' il a fait ? \n What did he do ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 20, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 22, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 31, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 36, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 40, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 43, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 46, 47 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "expl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "mwe", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R5", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R6", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}