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Dependencies

Note: nmod, neg, and punct appear in two places.

Core dependents of clausal predicates Nominal dep Predicate dep nsubj csubj nsubjpass csubjpass dobj ccomp xcomp iobj	Non-core dependents of clausal predicates Nominal dep Predicate dep Modifier word nmod advcl advmod     neg	Special clausal dependents Nominal dep Auxiliary Other vocative aux mark discourse auxpass punct expl cop
Noun dependents Nominal dep Predicate dep Modifier word nummod acl amod appos   det nmod   neg	Compounding and unanalyzed compound mwe goeswith name foreign	Coordination conj cc punct
Case-marking, prepositions, possessive case	Loose joining relations list parataxis remnant dislocated reparandum	Other Sentence head Unspecified dependency root dep

---

acl: clausal modifier of noun

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for acl.

edit acl

advcl: adverbial clause modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for advcl.

edit advcl

advmod: adverbial modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for advmod.

edit advmod

amod: adjectival modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for amod.

edit amod

appos: appositional modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for appos.

edit appos

aux: auxiliary

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for aux.

edit aux

auxpass: passive auxiliary

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for auxpass.

edit auxpass

case: case marking

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for case.

edit case

cc: coordinating conjunction

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for cc.

edit cc

ccomp: clausal complement

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for ccomp.

edit ccomp

compound: compound

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for compound.

edit compound

conj: conjunct

The conjunct relation holds between coordinated elements. We treat coordination asymmetrically: The head of the relation is the first conjunct and other conjuncts depend on it via the conj relation.

edit

  

    
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ROOT Kappingin byrjaði í Napoli og endaði í Brescia . 
conj(byrjaði, endaði)
cc(byrjaði, og)
nsubj(byrjaði, Kappingin)
case(Napoli, í)
case(Brescia, í)
punct(byrjaði, .)
{
    "text": "ROOT Kappingin byrjaði í Napoli og endaði í Brescia . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 15, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 23, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 32, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 35, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 42, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 52, 53 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R5", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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1500 kr per barn och år \n 1500 kr per child and year
conj(barn, år)
{
    "text": "1500 kr per barn och år \n 1500 kr per child and year ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 26, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 34, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 38, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 44, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 48, 52 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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En sekunds tvekan eller dröjsmål eller slarv \n A second's hesitation or delay or carelessness
conj(tvekan, dröjsmål)
conj(tvekan, slarv)
{
    "text": "En sekunds tvekan eller dröjsmål eller slarv \n A second's hesitation or delay or carelessness ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 24, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 33, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 39, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 47, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 49, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 58, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 69, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 72, 77 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 78, 80 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 81, 93 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

edit conj

cop: copula

A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and the copular verb. Copular heads are avoided when possible.

edit

  

    
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ROOT Hettar er ein royndar setningur . \n This is a random sentence .
root(ROOT, setningur)
cop(setningur, er)
nsubj(setningur, Hettar)
amod(setningur, royndar)
det(setningur, ein)
punct(setningur, .)
{
    "text": "ROOT Hettar er ein royndar setningur . \n This is a random sentence . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T12", "token", [ [ 51, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T13", "token", [ [ 58, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T14", "token", [ [ 67, 68 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Prepositional phrases are annotated similarly, the only difference being that the nominal predicate has an additional case marker.

edit

  

    
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Hon er frá Føroyum . \n She is from the.Faroes .
case(Føroyum, frá)
cop(Føroyum, er)
nsubj(Føroyum, Hon)
punct(Føroyum, .)
{
    "text": "Hon er frá Føroyum . \n She is from the.Faroes . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 11, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 23, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 30, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T10", "token", [ [ 35, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T11", "token", [ [ 46, 47 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

When an adjective or adverb is being predicated of a nominal phrase, the adjective/adverb is the root, the nominal phrase is the nsubj, and the copula is attached to the root with the cop relation.

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Hon er sterk . \n She is strong . 
nsubj(sterk, Hon)
cop(sterk, er)
punct(sterk, .)
{
    "text": "Hon er sterk . \n She is strong . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 21, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T8", "token", [ [ 24, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

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Hettar var í gjár . \n It was in yesterday .
nsubj(gjár, Hettar)
cop(gjár, var)
case(gjár, í)
punct(gjár, .)
{
    "text": "Hettar var í gjár . \n It was in yesterday . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-7-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T8", "token", [ [ 25, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T9", "token", [ [ 29, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T10", "token", [ [ 32, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 43 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-7-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "7" ]
}

Prepositions may also project a cop dependent.

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Ljósið er frá . \n The light is on .
cop(frá, er)
nsubj(frá, Ljósið)
punct(frá, .)
{
    "text": "Ljósið er frá . \n The light is on . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-8-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T6", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T10", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-8-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "8" ]
}

In predicative wh-constructions, the fronted wh-word is the head, and the copula is another cop.

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Hvat er hattar ? \n What is that ?
cop(Hvat, er)
nsubj(Hvat, hattar)
punct(Hvat, ?)
{
    "text": "Hvat er hattar ? \n What is that ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-9-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T6", "token", [ [ 19, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 33 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-9-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-9-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-9-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-9-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-9-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-9-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-9-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-9-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "9" ]
}

edit cop

csubj: clausal subject

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for csubj.

edit csubj

dep: unspecified dependency

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dep.

edit dep

det: determiner

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for det.

edit det

discourse: discourse element

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for discourse.

edit discourse

dislocated: dislocated elements

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dislocated.

edit dislocated

dobj: direct object

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for dobj.

edit dobj

expl: expletive

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for expl.

edit expl

foreign: foreign words

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for foreign.

edit foreign

goeswith: goes with

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for goeswith.

edit goeswith

iobj: indirect object

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for iobj.

edit iobj

list: list

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for list.

edit list

mark: marker

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for mark.

edit mark

mwe: multi-word expression

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for mwe.

edit mwe

name: name

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for name.

edit name

neg: negation modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for neg.

edit neg

nmod: nominal modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nmod.

edit nmod

nsubj: nominal subject

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nsubj.

edit nsubj

nummod: numeric modifier

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for nummod.

edit nummod

parataxis: parataxis

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for parataxis.

edit parataxis

punct: punctuation

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for punct.

edit punct

remnant: remnant in ellipsis

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for remnant.

edit remnant

reparandum: overridden disfluency

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for reparandum.

edit reparandum

root: root

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for root.

edit root

vocative: vocative

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for vocative.

edit vocative

xcomp: open clausal complement

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for xcomp.

edit xcomp

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