Features
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Abbr
: Abbr
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Abbr
.
AdpType
: AdpType
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for AdpType
.
Animacy
: animacy
Feature Animacy
is not used in Estonian UD.
Aspect
: aspect
Feature Aspect
is not used in Estonian UD.
Case
: case
Definition
Case is an inflectional feature for nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals in Estonian.
Estonian has 14 inflectional cases:
nominative
genitive
partitive
illative
inessive
elative
allative
adessive
ablative
translative
terminative
essive
abessive
comitative
Connegative
: Connegative
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Connegative
.
Definite
: definiteness or state
Feature Definite
is not used in Estonian UD.
Degree
: degree of comparison
Definition
Degree of comparison is an inflectional feature of some adjectives and verb participles. A participle has to be tagged as ADJ
in order to have the Degree
feature.
Possible degrees:
Pos: positive, the base form of an adjective.
Examples: suur maja “big house”,
tuntud poliitik “well-known politician”.
Cmp: comparative. The quality of one things is compared to the same quality of another.
Examples: suurem maja “bigger house”,
tuntum poliitik “better-known politician”.
Sup: superlative. The quality of one object is compared to the same quality of all other objects within a set. Examples: suurim maja “the biggest house”, tuntuim poliitik “the best-known politician”
Foreign
: Foreign
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Foreign
.
Gender
: gender
Feature Gender
is not used in Estonian UD as Estonian has no grammatical gender.
Hyph
: Hyph
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Hyph
.
Mood
: mood
Definition
Mood is a feature that expresses modality and subclassifies finite verb forms. Its an inflectional verb feature in Estonian, including indicative, conditional, imperative and quotative. According to some authors (e.g Erelt 2003), Estonian also has jussive mood. However, in Estonian UD, these usages are regarded as quotatives.
Ind: Indicative
The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker. Indicative mood combines with all persons and tenses and both voices in Estonian.
Imp: imperative
The imperative expresses the speaker’s request, order or prohibition to the listener or call for a joint action.
In the imperative mood, there is no first person singular form. The first person plural forms belong to the high style. The second person singular form is unmarked. Some authors separate third person forms as jussive mood (e.g. Erelt 2003).
Imperative mood combines both with active and passive voice.
Cnd: conditional
The conditional mood is used to express the speaker’s opinion that an action or an event would have taken place under some circumstances but it actually did not / do not happen. Conditional mood is also used to express politeness.
A verb in conditional mood may inflect for person, but alternatively, non-inflected forms are also widely used.
Conditional mood combines with two tenses: present and preteritum (compound past) In the latter case, only the auxiliary is tagged using the feature cond
.
Conditional combines with both voices (active and passive) in Estonian.
Quot: quotative
The quotative is used when the speaker wants to point out that s/he is not responsible for the accuracy of a statement but acts only as an intermediary or reporter.
Verb in quotative mood does not inflect for person. Like conditional, it combines with two tenses – present and preteritum (compound past). In the latter case, only the auxiliary is tagged using the feature quot
.
Quotative combines with both voices, active and passive.
Erelt 2003 = Estonian language. Edited by Mati Erelt. Linguistica Uralica Supplemenatry series vol 1. Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers.
Negative
: whether the word can be or is negated
Definition
In UD Estonian, the feature Negative
marks
forms used as (parts of or modifiers of) negative form of a verb: ei, mitte “no, not”, pole “is not” polnud “was not”, ära “don’t”,
negative conjunctions ega, mitte.
NumForm
: NumForm
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for NumForm
.
NumType
: numeral type
Card: cardinal number
Ord: ordinal number
Number
: number
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Number
.
Person
: person
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Person
.
Poss
: possessive
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Poss
.
PronType
: pronominal type
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for PronType
.
Reflex
: reflexive
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Reflex
.
Tense
: tense
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Tense
.
VerbForm
: form of verb or deverbative
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for VerbForm
.
Voice
: voice
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Voice
.