Dependencies
Note: nmod, neg, and punct appear in two places.
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acl
: clausal modifier of noun
The dependency relation acl
stands for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a nominal.
acl:relcl
: acl:relcl
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for acl:relcl
.
advcl
: adverbial clause modifier
advcl: adverbial clause modifier
An adverbial clause modifier is a clause which modifies a verb or other predicate (adjective, etc.), as a modifier not as a core complement. This includes things such as a temporal clause, consequence, conditional clause, purpose clause, etc. Also comparative constructions are annotated using dependency relation advcl.
Ta jooksis karjudes .
nsubj(jooksis-2, Ta-1)
advcl(jooksis-2, karjudes-3)
punct(jooksis-2, .-4)
He ran shouting.
Mulle pakuti süüa , kui õhtul koolist saabusin .
nmod(pakuti-2, Mulle-1)
xcomp(pakuti-2, süüa-3)
punct(saabusin-8,-4)
sconj(saabusin-8, kui-5)
advmod(saabusin-8, õhtul-6)
nmod(saabusin-8, koolist-7)
advcl(pakuti-2, saabusin-8)
punct(saabusin-8, .-9)
I was offered something to eat, when I arrived from school in the evening
advmod
: adverbial modifier
Adverbial modifier advmod is an adverbial modifying an adverb, a verb, an adjective or a nominal.
jooksis väga kiiresti
advmod(kiiresti-3, väga-2)
advmod(jooksis-1, kiiresti-3)
ran very quickly
Kass nägi ka koera .
nsubj(nägi-2, Kass-1)
advmod(koera-4, ka-3)
dobj(nägi-2, koera-4)
punct(nägi-2, .-5)
The cat saw also the dog.
advmod:quant
: advmod:quant
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for advmod:quant
.
amod
: adjectival modifier
An adjectival modifier of a noun is any adjectival phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the noun.
appos
: appositional modifier
An appositional modifier is a noun preceding or following the head noun that serves to define or modify that noun. Note that appositions can be both right- and left-headed in Estonian UD.
aux
: auxiliary
An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause, e.g., a modal auxiliary, or an auxiliary in a periphrastic tense. ‘olema’ and in rare occasions ‘saama’ are auxiliaries that form periphrastic tense forms. In the current version of Estonain UD, only ‘saama’, ‘võima’, ‘pidama’, ‘näima’, ‘paistma’, ‘tunduma’ are regarded as modal auxiliaries.
auxpass
: passive auxiliary
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for auxpass
.
case
: case marking
case: case marking
The case relation is used to annotate prepositions and postpositions. Case-marking elements (i.e. adpositions) are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to.
Rüütel läks lossi juurde .
nsubj(läks-2, Rüütel-1)
nmod(läks-2, lossi-3)
case(lossi-3, juurde-4)
punct(läks-2, .-5)
Knight went near the castle.
cc
: coordinating conjunction
A cc
is the relation between the first conjunct and the coordinating conjunction delimiting another conjunct.
cc:preconj
: cc:preconj
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for cc:preconj
.
ccomp
: clausal complement
A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause which is a core argument.
Ma usun , et kõik läheb hästi.
nsubj(usun-2, Ma-1)
punct(usun-2, ,-3)
mark(läheb-6, et-4)
nsubj(läheb-6, kõik-5)
ccomp(usun-2, läheb-6)
advmod(läheb-6, hästi-7)
punct(usun-2, .-8)
I beleive, that everything goes well.
compound
: compound
The dependency relation compound is used for annotating numbers written with several words or several sequences of digits or combinations of them.
60 000
compound(60-1, 000-2)
~~
~~~sdparse
kaks tuhat
compound(kaks-1, tuhat-2)
two thousand
compound:prt
: compound:prt
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for compound:prt
.
conj
: conjunct
A conjunct is the relation between two elements connected by a coordinating conjunction. Coordinated elements can be words, phrases or clauses. The head of the relation is the first conjunct and all the other conjuncts depend on it via the conj
relation.
cop
: copula
A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and the copular verb. ‘olema’ is the only copular verb in Estonian UD. The predicative is the head of the copular clause, and also the governor of the cop dependency.
Kass on triibuline .
nsubj:cop (triibuline-3, Kass-1)
cop (triibuline-3, on-2)
punct (triibuline-3, .-4)
Cat is striped
csubj
: clausal subject
A clausal subject is a clausal syntactic subject of a clause. Both finite and non-finite clauses can act as clausal subjects.
Mulle meeldib mõelda .
nmod(meeldib-2, mulle-1)
csubj(meeldib-2, mõelda-3)
punct(meeldib-2, .-4)
I like to think.
csubj:cop
: csubj:cop
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for csubj:cop
.
csubjpass
: clausal passive subject
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for csubjpass
.
dep
: unspecified dependency
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for dep
.
det
: determiner
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for det
.
discourse
: discourse element
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for discourse
.
dislocated
: dislocated elements
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for dislocated
.
dobj
: direct object
In Estonian, a direct object can be a noun in singular or plural nominative case, singular genitive case or singular or plural partitive case.
Kass nägi koera .
nsubj(nägi-2, Kass-1)
dobj(nägi-2, koera-3)
punct(nägi-2, .-4)
The cat saw the dog.
Öö jooksul olid hundid kolm lammast maha murdnud .
nmod(murdnud-8, Öö-1)
case(Öö-1,jooksul-2)
aux(murdnud-8,olid-3)
nsubj(murdnud-8,hundid-4)
nummod(lammast-6,kolm-5)
dobj(murdnud-8,lammast-6)
compound:prt(murdnud-8,maha-7)
punct(murdnud-8,.-9)
The wolves had killed three sheep during the night.
1 Hommikul hommik NOUN _ _ 2 nmod _ _
2 püüdis püüdma VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
3 kass kass NOUN _ _ 2 nsubj _ _
4 kinni kinni ADV _ _ 2 compound:prt _ _
5 kena kena ADJ _ _ 7 amod _ _
6 paksu paks ADJ _ _ 7 amod _ _
7 hiire hiir NOUN _ _ 2 dobj _ _
8 . . PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ _
In the morning, the cat caught a nice fat mouse.
expl
: expletive
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for expl
.
foreign
: foreign words
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for foreign
.
goeswith
: goes with
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for goeswith
.
iobj
: indirect object
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for iobj
.
list
: list
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for list
.
mark
: marker
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for mark
.
mwe
: multi-word expression
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for mwe
.
name
: name
The dependency relation name is used for proper nouns constituted of multiple nominal elements. Note that names are right-headed in Estonian UD.
Arvo Pärt
name(Pärt-2, Arvo-1)
neg
: negation modifier
The negation modifier is the relation between a negation word and the word it modifies.
Words ‘ei’, ‘ära’ and ‘ärge’ as parts of negative verb form are annotated using this relation.
nmod
: nominal modifier
The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers. They depend either on another noun (group “noun dependents”) or on a predicate (group “non-core dependents of clausal predicates”). They can occur alone or together with an adposition in an adpositional phrase.
Rüütel läks lossi .
nsubj(läks-2, Rüütel-1)
nmod(läks-2, lossi-3)
punct(läks-2, .-4)
Knight went into the castle.
Rüütel läks lossi juurde .
nsubj(läks-2, Rüütel-1)
nmod(läks-2, lossi-3)
case(lossi-3, juurde-4)
punct(läks-2, .-5)
Knight went near the castle.
nmod:poss
: nmod:poss
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for nmod:poss
.
nsubj
: nominal subject
The dependency type nsubj
marks nominal subjects of the non-copular clause.
Kass nägi koera .
nsubj (nägi-2, Kass-1)
dobj (nägi-2, koera-3)
punct (nägi-2, .-4)
The cat saw the dog.
nsubj:cop
: nsubj:cop
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for nsubj:cop
.
nsubjpass
: passive nominal subject
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for nsubjpass
.
nummod
: numeric modifier
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for nummod
.
parataxis
: parataxis
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for parataxis
.
punct
: punctuation
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for punct
.
remnant
: remnant in ellipsis
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for remnant
.
reparandum
: overridden disfluency
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for reparandum
.
root
: root
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for root
.
vocative
: vocative
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for vocative
.
xcomp
: open clausal complement
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for xcomp
.