PronType: pronominal type
This feature typically applies to pronouns, determiners, pronominal numerals (quantifiers) and pronominal adverbs.
Prs: personal or possessive personal pronoun or determiner
See also the Poss feature that distinguishes normal personal
pronouns from possessives. Note that Prs also includes reflexive
personal/possessive pronouns (e.g. [cs] se / svůj; see the
Reflex feature).
Examples
- [en] I, you, he, she, it, we, they, my, your, his, her, its, our, their, mine, yours, hers, ours, theirs
Rcp: reciprocal pronoun
Examples
- [de] einander, “each other”
- [da] hinanden “each other”
Art: article
Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness (in other languages, the feature may be marked directly on nouns).
Examples
- [en] a, an, the
- [de] ein, eine, der, die, das
- [es] un, una, el, la
Int: interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
Note that possessive interrogative determiners (whose) can be distinguished by the Poss feature.
Examples:
- [cs/en] kdo / who, co / what, který / which, čí / whose, kolik / how many, how much, kolikátý / how-maniest (ordinal number), kolikrát / how many times, kde / where, kam / where to, kdy / when, jak / how, proč / why
Rel: relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
Note that in many languages this class heavily overlaps with interrogatives, yet there are pronouns that are only relative, and in some languages (Bulgarian, Hindi) the two classes seem to be distinct.
Examples:
- [cs] jenž, což “which”, “that” (relative but not interrogative pronouns); jehož “whose” (possessive relative pronoun)
Dem: demonstrative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
These are often parallel to interrogatives. Some tagsets might also distinguish a separate feature of distance (here / there; [es] aquí / ahí / allí).
Examples
- [cs/en] tento / this, tamten / that, takový / such, týž / same, tolik / so much, tolikátý / so-maniest (ordinal number), tolikrát / so many times, tady / here, tam / there, teď / now, tehdy / then, tak / so
Tot: total (collective) pronoun, determiner or adverb
Examples
- [cs/en] každý / every, everybody, everyone, each, všechno / everything, all, všude / everywhere, vždy / always
Neg: negative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Examples:
- [cs/en] nikdo / nobody, nic / nothing, nijaký / no, ničí / no one’s (possessive negative pronoun), žádný / no, none, nikde / nowhere, nikdy / never, nijak / no way (lit. “no-how”)
Ind: indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
Note that some tagsets might further subclassify this category to distinguish “some” from “any” etc. Such distinctions are not part of universal features but may be added in language-specific extensions.
Examples
- [cs/en] někdo / somebody, něco / something, některý / some, něčí / someone’s (possessive indefinite pronoun), několik / a few, several (indefinite numeral/quantifier), několikátý / “a fewth”, “severalth” (indefinite ordinal numeral), několikrát / a few times, several times, někde / somewhere, někdy / sometimes, nějak / somehow
- [cs/en] kdokoli / anybody, cokoli / anything, kterýkoli / any, číkoli / anyone’s (possessive indefinite pronoun), kdekoli / anywhere, kdykoli / any time, jakkoli / anyhow
- [cs/en] málokdo / few people, leckdo / quite a few people, kdosi / somebody…
PronType in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]