acl: clausal modifier of noun
acl stands for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a noun, in
contrast to the advcl relation which is used for adverbial clauses
that modify a predicate. The head of the acl relation is the noun
that is modified, and the dependent is the head of the clause that
modifies the noun.
These modifiers include infinitive and participial modifiers (correspond to infmod and partmod in the original Turku Dependency Treebank). Instead, the third possible type of clausal modifiers of nouns, relative clause modifier (acl:relcl), is defined as a subtype of acl.
Minulla oli lupa mennä ulos . \n I had permission to_go out .
nmod:own(oli-2, Minulla-1)
nsubj(oli-2, lupa-3)
acl(lupa-3, mennä-4)
advmod(mennä-4, ulos-5)
punct(oli-2, .-6)
The participial modifier is a participle verb which modifies a noun phrase. Note that the participle can take arguments, for instance a subject, just as any verb. (Also the MA-derivation is treated as a participle in UD Finnish.)
Äidin leipoma kakku oli menestys . \n Mother baked_by cake was success .
nsubj(leipoma-2, Äidin-1)
acl(kakku-3, leipoma-2)
nsubj:cop(menestys-5, kakku-3)
cop(menestys-5, oli-4)
punct(menestys-5, .-6)
Saadut lahjat ilahduttivat lapsia . \n Received presents made_happy children .
acl(lahjat-2, Saadut-1)
nsubj(ilahduttivat-3, lahjat-2)
dobj(ilahduttivat-3, lapsia-4)
punct(ilahduttivat-3, .-5)
Occasionally, participial verb forms can modify a verb as well. These uses include cases that are clearly modifiers, as well as some more complement-like situations. In the complement-like situations, one of the clausal complement types (ccomp, xcomp or xcomp:ds) should be used, whereas modifiers are marked as adverbial clause modifiers (advcl).
Huolestuneena juoksin hänen luokseen . \n Worried I_ran him to .
advcl(juoksin-2, Huolestuneena-1)
nmod(juoksin-2, hänen-3)
case(hänen-3, luokseen-4)
punct(juoksin-2, .-5)
Ksylitoli osoittautui kariesta ehkäiseväksi . \n Xylitol turned_out karies preventing .
nsubj(osoittautui-2, Ksylitoli-1)
xcomp(osoittautui-2, ehkäiseväksi-4)
dobj(ehkäiseväksi-4, kariesta-3)
punct(osoittautui-2, .-5)
Diffs
Turku Dependency Treebank
We do not attempt to distinguish modifiers including secondary predication from other type of modifiers. Therefore, optional predicative like modifiers are attached to the main verb with one of the modifier relations.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of acl: acl:relcl.
3263 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as acl.
2895 instances of acl (89%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.508121360711.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (3040; 93% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (171; 5% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (21; 1% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (18; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 5 4 acl color:blue
1 Jumituin jumittua VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
2 heti heti ADV Adv _ 1 advmod _ _
3 ensimmäiselle ensimmäinen ADJ Num Case=All|Number=Sing|NumType=Ord 4 nummod _ _
4 näkemälleni nähdä VERB V Case=All|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|PartForm=Agt|Person[psor]=1|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 5 acl _ _
5 seinälle seinä NOUN N Case=All|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 . . PUNCT Punct _ 1 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 5 acl color:blue
1 Suurin suuri ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 pettymys pettymys NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 6 nsubj:cop _ _
3 oli olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
4 alkulohkoonsa alku#lohko NOUN N Case=Ill|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3 5 nmod _ _
5 jäänyt jäädä VERB V Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 6 acl _ _
6 Espanja Espanja PROPN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 5 6 acl color:blue
1 Nyt nyt ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
2 vielä vielä ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 on olla VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 liian liian ADV Adv _ 5 advmod _ _
5 kylmä kylmä ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 3 xcomp _ _
6 värkätä värkätä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 5 acl _ _
7 lämmittämättömässä lämmittää ADJ A Case=Ine|Degree=Pos|Derivation=Ton|Number=Sing 8 amod _ _
8 työtilassani työ#tila NOUN N Case=Ine|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
1746 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as acl.
1728 instances of acl (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.91695303550974.
The following 26 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (1037; 59% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (284; 16% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (106; 6% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (78; 4% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (54; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (47; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADJ (45; 3% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (32; 2% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (11; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/NOUN (9; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/DET-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 5 8 acl color:blue
1 Minun minä DET Pron,Pers,Sg1,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 det _ _
2 luokallani luokka NOUN N,Sg,Ade,PxSg1 Case=Ade|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 3 nmod _ _
3 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
4 eräs eräs DET Pron,Qnt,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 5 det _ _
5 lapsi lapsi NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
6 , , PUNCT Pun _ 5 punct _ _
7 joka joka PRON Pron,Rel,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _
8 asuu asua VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 5 acl _ _
9 varuskunnan varuskunta NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
10 lähellä lähellä ADP Adp _ 9 case _ _
11 . . PUNCT Pun _ 10 punct _ _
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# visual-style 3 4 acl color:blue
1 Tottakai tottakai ADV Pcle _ 3 advmod _ _
2 olen olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg1 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
3 valmis valmis ADJ A,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
4 tekemään tehdä VERB V,Act,InfMa,Ill Case=Ill|InfForm=3|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 3 acl _ _
5 kaikenlaisia kaikenlainen ADJ A,Qnt,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 6 amod _ _
6 töitä työ NOUN N,Pl,Par Case=Par|Number=Plur 4 dobj _ _
7 . . PUNCT Pun _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 2 4 acl color:blue
1 Ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
2 sinne sinne ADV Adv,Dem PronType=Dem 1 advmod _ _
3 mistä mistä ADV Adv,Rel PronType=Rel 4 advmod _ _
4 tulemme tulla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Pl1 Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 2 acl _ _
5 eikä ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3,Ka Clitic=Ka|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
6 sieltä sieltä ADV Adv,Dem PronType=Dem 2 conj _ _
7 mihin mihin ADV Adv,Rel PronType=Rel 9 advmod _ _
8 olemme olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Pl1 Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 6 acl _ _
9 menossa meno NOUN N,Sg,Ine Case=Ine|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
acl in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]