expl: expletive: reflexive pronoun with an inherently reflexive verb
Reflexive pronouns (see the feature cs-feat/Reflex) usually replace objects of verbs. However, some verbs are inherently reflexive, i.e. the verb always occurs with a reflexive prounoun, and the pronoun cannot be replaced by a non-reflexive pronoun.
With these verbs, the reflexive pronoun is attached as expl instead of dobj.
(Note that the expl relation is first used for this purpose in the UD release 1.2,
to increase parallelism with other languages. In the previous releases this usage of
reflexive se/si was labeled compound:reflex.)
Martin se bojí zvířat . \n Martin REFLEX fears animals .
expl(bojí, se)
expl(fears, REFLEX)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
17180 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as expl.
14052 instances of expl (82%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.36711292200233.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with expl: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (16638; 97% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (538; 3% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
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1 Z z ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 2 case _ LId=z-1
2 kukly kukla NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
3 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 4 expl _ LGloss=(zvr._zájmeno/částice)
4 vyklubal vyklubat VERB VpYS---XR-AA--- Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 motýl motýl NOUN NNMS1-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
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1 Dá dát VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
2 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 1 auxpass:reflex _ LGloss=(zvr._zájmeno/částice)
3 určit určit VERB Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ _
4 nějaký nějaký DET PZYS1---------- Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 5 det _ _
5 mezník mezník NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 13 punct _ _
7 kdy kdy ADV Db------------- _ 13 advmod _ _
8 si se PRON P7-X3---------- Case=Dat|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 13 expl _ LGloss=(zvr._zájmeno/částice)
9 je být VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 13 cop _ _
10 nevidomý nevidomý NOUN NNMS1-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _
11 sám sám PRON PLYS1---------- Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 10 xcomp _ LGloss=(samotný)
12 sebou se PRON P6-X7---------- Case=Ins|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 13 dobj _ LGloss=(zvr._zájmeno/částice)
13 jistý jistý ADJ AAMS1----1A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
14 ? ? PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
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1 V v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 3 case _ LId=v-1
2 lidové lidový ADJ AAFS6----1A---- Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 amod _ _
3 pověře pověra NOUN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
4 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 7 expl _ LGloss=(zvr._zájmeno/částice)
5 Jan Jan PROPN NNMS1-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
6 stal stát VERB VpYS---XR-AA--- Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 7 cop _ LId=stát-2|LGloss=(něco_se_přihodilo)
7 ochráncem ochránce NOUN NNMS7-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
8 mostu most NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _
9 a a CONJ J^------------- _ 7 cc _ LId=a-1
10 pánem pán NOUN NNMS7-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 7 conj _ _
11 nad nad ADP RR--7---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Ins 12 case _ LId=nad-1
12 řekou řeka NOUN NNFS7-----A---- Case=Ins|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 7 punct _ _
expl in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]