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aux: auxiliary

An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause.

Exception: An auxiliary verb used to construct the passive voice is not labeled aux but auxpass.

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vilka funktioner den tidigare har haft \n which functions it previously has had
aux(haft, har)
{
    "text": "vilka funktioner den tidigare har haft \n which functions it previously has had ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 21, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 30, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 34, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 41, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 47, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 57, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 60, 70 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 71, 74 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 75, 78 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Vilka konsekvenser kan det ha ? \n What consequences can this have ?
aux(ha, kan)
{
    "text": "Vilka konsekvenser kan det ha ? \n What consequences can this have ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 19, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 23, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 30, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 39, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 52, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 56, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 61, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 66, 67 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This relation is universal.

2517 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as aux.

2511 instances of aux (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 2.16765991259436.

The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: VERB-AUX (2371; 94% instances), ADJ-AUX (95; 4% instances), NOUN-AUX (47; 2% instances), PRON-AUX (3; 0% instances), ADV-AUX (1; 0% instances).

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# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 aux	color:blue
1	'	'	PUNCT	PAD	_	4	punct	_	_
2	Du	du	PRON	PN|UTR|SIN|DEF|SUB	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	skall	skola	AUX	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	aux	_	_
4	lyda	lyda	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
5	din	du	DET	PS|UTR|SIN|DEF	Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	fader	far	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	4	dobj	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	4	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	PAD	_	4	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "PUNCT", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "PRON", [ [ 2, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AUX", [ [ 5, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 11, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "DET", [ [ 16, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 20, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 26, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "PUNCT", [ [ 28, 29 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A2", "Definite", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Def" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A3", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Com" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A4", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A5", "Mood", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A6", "Tense", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A7", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A8", "Voice", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Act" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A9", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Inf" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A10", "Voice", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Act" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A11", "Definite", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Def" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A12", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Com" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A13", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A14", "Poss", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Yes" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A15", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T6", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A16", "Definite", "embedded-3-S1-T6", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A17", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T6", "Com" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A18", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T6", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R0", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R2", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R4", "nmod:poss", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R5", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R7", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: '" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PAD" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: du" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PN|UTR|SIN|DEF|SUB" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: skola" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB|PRS|AKT" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: lyda" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB|INF|AKT" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: du" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PS|UTR|SIN|DEF" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: far" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NN|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: MAD" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: '" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PAD" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "aux" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ],
    "text": "' Du skall lyda din fader . '",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 5 aux	color:blue
1	Skillnaderna	skillnad	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
2	inom	inom	ADP	PP	_	4	case	_	_
3	ett	en	DET	DT|NEU|SIN|IND	Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	4	det	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	kan	kunna	AUX	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	8	aux	_	_
6	vara	vara	AUX	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	8	cop	_	_
7	mycket	mycket	ADV	AB|POS	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	stora	stor	ADJ	JJ|POS|UTR/NEU|PLU|IND/DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	8	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "NOUN", [ [ 0, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "ADP", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "DET", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 22, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AUX", [ [ 27, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AUX", [ [ 31, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "ADV", [ [ 36, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "ADJ", [ [ 43, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "PUNCT", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A2", "Definite", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Def" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A3", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Com" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A4", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T1", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A5", "Definite", "embedded-4-S1-T3", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A6", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T3", "Neut" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A7", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A8", "Case", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A9", "Definite", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A10", "Gender", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Neut" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A11", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A12", "Mood", "embedded-4-S1-T5", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A13", "Tense", "embedded-4-S1-T5", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A14", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-S1-T5", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A15", "Voice", "embedded-4-S1-T5", "Act" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A16", "VerbForm", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "Inf" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A17", "Voice", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "Act" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A18", "Degree", "embedded-4-S1-T7", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A19", "Case", "embedded-4-S1-T8", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A20", "Degree", "embedded-4-S1-T8", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A21", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T8", "Plur" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R7", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R8", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: skillnad" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NN|UTR|PLU|DEF|NOM" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: inom" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PP" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: en" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: DT|NEU|SIN|IND" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: land" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NN|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: kunna" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB|PRS|AKT" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: vara" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB|INF|AKT" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: mycket" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: AB|POS" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: stor" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: JJ|POS|UTR/NEU|PLU|IND/DEF|NOM" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: MAD" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "embedded-4-S1-T5", "aux" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Skillnaderna inom ett land kan vara mycket stora .",
    "error": false
}

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 2 aux	color:blue
1	Det	den	PRON	PN|NEU|SIN|DEF|SUB/OBJ	Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	har	ha	AUX	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	aux	_	_
3	varit	vara	AUX	VB|SUP|AKT	VerbForm=Sup|Voice=Act	4	cop	_	_
4	lån	lån	NOUN	NN|NEU|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	och	och	CONJ	KN	_	4	cc	_	_
6	gåvor	gåva	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	i	i	ADP	PP	_	8	case	_	_
8	pengar	pengar	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	4	punct	_	_

---

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