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csubj:cleft: relative clause modifier

Irish cleft constructions use a copula and are analysed in line with other copular construction: COP PRED SUBJ. In contrast to English, Irish clefts are much less restrictive with regards to the type of element that can be fronted: nouns, prepositional phrases, adverbial phrases, adjectives and verbal nouns.

Examples

Nominal fronting

Is leabhar a thug sí dom ‘It is a book that she gave me’

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Is leabhar a thug sí dom \n is book [] gave she to_me
csubj:cleft(leabhar, thug)
cop(leabhar, Is)
{
    "text": "Is leabhar a thug sí dom \n is book [] gave she to_me ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 30, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 35, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 38, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 43, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 47, 52 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "csubj:cleft", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Adverbial fronting

Is laistigh de bhliain a déanfar é ‘It is within a year that it will be done’

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Is laistigh de bhliain a déanfar é \n is within a year [] will_be_done it
csubj:cleft(laistigh, déanfar)
cop(laistigh, Is)
{
    "text": "Is laistigh de bhliain a déanfar é \n is within a year [] will_be_done it ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 33, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 37, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 40, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 47, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 49, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 54, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 57, 69 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 70, 72 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "csubj:cleft", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Prepositional phrase fronting

Is sa pháirc a chonaic mé é ‘It is in the park that I saw him’

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Is sa pháirc a chonaic mé é \n is in_the park [] saw I him
csubj:cleft(pháirc, chonaic)
cop(pháirc, Is)
{
    "text": "Is sa pháirc a chonaic mé é \n is in_the park [] saw I him ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 15, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 23, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 26, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 30, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 33, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 40, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 45, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 48, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 52, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 54, 57 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "csubj:cleft", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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