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This page pertains to UD version 2.

cop: copula

The cop relation is used exclusively for the word 是 / shì “be” primarily as a copula linked to the main predicate, which may often be a noun or adjective. The words 為 / wéi “be, be as” and 非 / fēi “not be” are also included if they are the only verb in a sentence and the latter is semantically equivalent to the opposite of 是 shì.

# visual-style 4 2 cop	color:blue
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
1	他	_	PRON	_	_	4	nsubj	_	3SG
2	是	_	VERB	_	_	4	cop	_	be
3	我	_	PRON	_	_	4	nmod	_	1SG
4	男朋友	_	NOUN	_	_	0	root	_	boyfriend

1	"He	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
2	is	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
3	my	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
4	boyfriend."	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_

If the complement of the copular verb is a clause, however, then the copular verb should be the head of the sentence with the clausal complement as a ccomp dependent.

1	原因	_	NOUN	_	_	2	nsubj	_	reason
2	是	_	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	be
3	他	_	PRON	_	_	5	nsubj	_	3SG
4	沒	_	AUX	_	_	5	aux	_	NEG.PERF
5	來	_	VERB	_	_	2	ccomp	_	come

1	"The	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
2	reason	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
3	is	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
4	he	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
5	didn't	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
6	come."	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_

For the cleft-like focus constructions with 是 and 是…的, see ccomp.


cop in other languages: [bej] [bg] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fo] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [id] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]