case: case marking
The case relation for Mandarin Chinese is applied to various particles that mark non-clausal dependents, including the genitive 的 de (1); prepositions (2, 3), including “coverbs” (4); and the valence markers 把 bǎ and 將 jiāng (5) in “BA constructions” (see obl:patient); the comparative 比 bǐ (6); and 被 bèi in “long passive” constructions where the agent is mentioned (7).
Note that 的 de has other grammaticalized functions that require the mark:rel relation instead.
Postpositions, also known as “localizers”, are labeled with case:loc instead.
# visual-style 1 2 case color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 你 _ PRON _ _ 3 nmod _ 2SG
2 的 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 電話 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ phone
1 "your _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 phone" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 2 case color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 我 _ PRON _ _ 5 nsubj _ 1SG
2 在 _ ADP _ _ 3 case _ at
3 公司 _ NOUN _ _ 5 obl _ company
4 已經 _ ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ already
5 完成 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ complete
6 了 _ PART _ _ 5 discourse:sp _ SP
1 "I _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 already _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 completed _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 it _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 at _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 office." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 2 case color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 戴 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ wear
2 在 _ ADP _ _ 3 case _ on
3 手 _ NOUN _ _ 1 obl _ hand
4 上 _ ADP _ _ 3 case:loc _ above
1 "wear _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 it _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 on _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 hand" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 2 1 case color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 跟 _ ADP _ _ 2 case _ with
2 我 _ PRON _ _ 3 obl _ 1SG
3 來 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ come
1 "Come _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 with _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 me." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 2 1 case color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 把 _ ADP _ _ 2 case _ BA
2 他們 _ PRON _ _ 3 obl:patient _ 3PL
3 藏 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ hide
4 在 _ ADP _ _ 5 case _ in
5 房 _ NOUN _ _ 3 obl _ room
6 裡 _ ADP _ _ 5 case:loc _ inside
1 "Hide _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 them _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 inside _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 room." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 4 3 case color:blue
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
1 我們 _ PRON _ _ 7 nsubj _ 1PL
2 應該 _ AUX _ _ 7 aux _ should
3 比 _ ADP _ _ 4 case _ COMP
4 他們 _ PRON _ _ 7 obl _ 3PL
5 更 _ ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ more
6 早 _ ADJ _ _ 7 advmod _ early
7 到達 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ arrive
8 公司 _ NOUN _ _ 7 obj _ company
1 "We _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 may _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 arrive _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 at _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 the _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
6 company _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
7 before _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
8 (earlier _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
9 than) _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
10 them." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 2 1 case color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 被 _ ADP _ _ 2 case _ by
2 你 _ PRON _ _ 3 obl:agent _ 2SG
3 偷 _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ steal
4 了 _ PART _ _ 3 discourse:sp _ SP
1 "It _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 was _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 stolen _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 by _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 you." _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
case in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [yue] [zh]