VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
| Values: | Conv | Fin | Inf | NomAg | Part | Vnoun |
Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used
exclusively with verbs, this is not the case.
The Part value can also be used with adjectives, while
the NomAg and Vnoun value can also be used with nouns.
Conv: converb, gerund
The converb, also called adverbial participle or traditionally gerund, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.
Examples
- эрить киштезь-моразь “they live dancing and singing”
Fin: finite
Finite verb occurs in the conditional, subjunctive (aka conjunctive), conditional-subjunctive desiderative indicative, imperative, optative or precative.
Examples
- сими “he/she/it drinks”
- кортыть “they talk”
Inf: infinitive
The (first) infinitive is the citation form of verbs /-Oms/. It is also appears as the argument of modal and other verbs. There is, however, a second infinitive in /-Ome/, /-Omo/ aka as the nominative, locative or even supine, which like its Finnish, Estonian and Slavic counterparts is used instead of the first infinitive as the argument of motion verbs and inchoative verbs.
Examples
- эряви симемс “to drink”
- эряви кортамс “to talk”
NomAg: Nomen Agensis
The Nomen Agensis is derived from a verb with an agent or performer, and it represents the nominalization of the subject. -Ыця
Examples
- [myv] — Оно косот кинь невтицятне. “— See where the ones are showing the way.”
Part: participle
Words in participle forms are assigned the VerbForm value Part.
Participle forms are further differentiated using the feature
PartForm.
Examples
- [myv] пилень дёлиця вайгеленть “The voice that is soothing to the ears”
Sup: infinitive
The (second) infinitive in /-Ome/, /-Omo/ aka as the nominative, locative or even supine, which like its Finnish, Estonian and Slavic counterparts is used instead of the first infinitive as the argument of motion verbs and inchoative verbs.
Examples
- кармась кортамо “he/she/it began talking”
- лиссь важодеме “he/she/it went out to work”
- састь кортамо “they came to talk”
Vnoun: verbal noun
The verbal noun in Erzya represents a mixture of verb and nominal features.
Examples
- [myv] пек сиземадо мейле мик эске лангсо мадезь удомат сы. “after you get really tired, you will even want to fall asleep when you’re lying on spikes”
VerbForm in other languages: [abq] [akk] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [orv] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj]