parataxis: parataxis
parataxis dependencies mark two different phenomena. Firstly, they are used with certain implicit coordinations. These coordinations are recognized by two factors: there is no coordinating conjunction, and the independent clauses are separated by a colon, semicolon or a dash. As with explicit coordinations, the first element is the governor. Also parenthetical and interjected clauses can receive the parataxis dependency. If there is a coordinating conjunction present (regardless of punctuation) or if the clauses are separated by merely a comma, the coordination type conj is used (differs from the UD).
Lapset leipoivat piparit ; äiti paistoi ne . \n The_children made the_cookies ; the_mother baked them .
nsubj(leipoivat-2, Lapset-1)
obj(leipoivat-2, piparit-3)
punct(leipoivat-2, ;-4)
punct(leipoivat-2, .-8)
parataxis(leipoivat-2, paistoi-6)
nsubj(paistoi-6, äiti-5)
obj(paistoi-6, ne-7)
Ilmoittakaa suoraan sähköpostilla ( palautelomakekin käy ) .
nmod(Ilmoittakaa-1, sähköpostilla-3)
advmod(sähköpostilla-3, suoraan-2)
punct(Ilmoittakaa-1, .-8)
parataxis(Ilmoittakaa-1, käy-6)
nsubj(käy-6, palautelomakekin-5)
punct(käy-6, (-4)
punct(käy-6, )-7)
parataxis is also used for direct speech. If the verb of saying (or thinking, etc.) precedes the utterance, it acts as the governor, and the main verb or predicative of the utterance is the dependent. However, if the utterance precedes the speech verb, the relation is reversed.
Mies sanoi : Tulen kotiin vasta myöhään . \n The_man said : I_will_come home only late .
nsubj(Mies-1, sanoi-2)
punct(sanoi-2, :-3)
nmod(Tulen-4, kotiin-5)
advmod(Tulen-4, myöhään-7)
advmod(myöhään-7, vasta-6)
parataxis(sanoi-2, Tulen-4)
punct(sanoi-2, .-8)
Tulen kotiin vasta myöhään , mies sanoi . \n I_will_come home only late , the_man said .
nmod(Tulen-1, kotiin-2)
advmod(Tulen-1, myöhään-4)
advmod(myöhään-4, vasta-3)
punct(Tulen-1, ,-5)
nsubj(sanoi-7, mies-6)
parataxis(Tulen-1, sanoi-7)
punct(Tulen-1, .-8)
Diffs
Turku Dependency Treebank
If the clauses are separated by a comma and there is no coordinating conjunction, TDT does not use parataxis but conj.
FinnTreeBank
FI_FTB does not apply the parataxis relation.
Instead, the phenomena of implicit coordination,
parenthetical clauses, interjected clauses and direct speech
have been described using some other, most applicable
relation available (usually conj or obj).
parataxis in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [u] [yue] [zh]