aux: auxiliary
An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause, e.g., a modal auxiliary (potere to can or dovere must), or a form of essere to be, avere to have or stare in a periphrastic tense. Note that the auxiliary verb used to construct the passive voice (essere or venire) is not labeled aux but auxpass.
- auxiliary avere
hanno sparato a sangue freddo
aux(sparato, hanno)
- auxiliary essere
il sequestro era avvenuto
aux(avvenuto, era)
- auxiliary stare
stavano realizzando un serbatoio
aux(realizzando, stavano)
- modal auxiliaries
non l' hanno potuto ascoltare
aux(ascoltare, potuto)
dovrà sparire la figura
aux(sparire, dovrà)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
5268 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as aux.
5256 instances of aux (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.4086940015186.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/AUX (5033; 96% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/AUX (94; 2% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/AUX (88; 2% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/AUX (25; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/VERB (16; 0% instances), it-pos/PROPN-it-pos/AUX (4; 0% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), it-pos/NUM-it-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PUNCT (1; 0% instances).
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1 È essere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 cop _ _
2 vero vero ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
3 , , PUNCT FF _ 2 punct _ _
4 tutti tutto PRON PI Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind 7 nsubjpass _ _
5 possiamo potere AUX VM Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _
6 essere essere AUX VA VerbForm=Inf 7 auxpass _ _
7 sostituiti sostituire VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ _
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
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1 La il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 gara gara NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
3 di di ADP E _ 4 case _ _
4 Goteborg Goteborg PROPN SP _ 2 nmod _ _
5 è essere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _
6 stata essere VERB V Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 cop _ _
7 un uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 passaggio passaggio NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
9 di di ADP E _ 10 case _ _
10 consegne consegna NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _
11 : : PUNCT FC _ 8 punct _ _
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1 Erano essere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 cop _ _
2 slegati slegare ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
3 e e CONJ CC _ 2 cc _ _
4 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 cosa cosa NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
6 è essere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _
7 stata essere VERB V Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 cop _ _
8 loro loro PRON PE Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 iobj _ _
9 fatale fatale ADJ A Number=Sing 2 conj _ _
10 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
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