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AUX: auxiliary verb

Definition

An auxiliary verb is a verb that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, and voice.

French auxiliary verbs can be divided into tense auxiliaries, modal auxiliaries and passive auxiliaries.

Delimitation

The exact delimitation of auxiliaries in French is not completely clear-cut, especially for the category of modal auxiliaries. In the French UD treebank, we have adopted a consensus solution based on the original Google annotation and the universal UD guidelines. Below we list the verbs that may appear in each group:


Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

There are 1 AUX lemmas (6%), 187 AUX types (0%) and 8952 AUX tokens (2%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of AUX is: 4 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent AUX lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent AUX types: a, est, été, sont, ont, peut, fut, être, avait, avoir

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 73641, ADP 64129, DET 61780, PUNCT 44312, VERB 36183, PROPN 31663, ADJ 22616, PRON 17750, ADV 13108, NUM 10834, CONJ 10138, AUX 8952, SCONJ 2908, PART 1668, X 1056, SYM 486, INTJ 267)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: a (AUX 1834, VERB 370, ADP 20, X 7, DET 2, NOUN 1, PRON 1, INTJ 1, PROPN 1), est (VERB 3523, AUX 1756, NOUN 45, ADJ 3, SCONJ 2, PRON 1), été (AUX 719, VERB 148, NOUN 52), sont (VERB 615, AUX 576, DET 1), ont (AUX 555, VERB 113), peut (AUX 272, VERB 4, NOUN 1), fut (AUX 273, VERB 141), être (AUX 255, VERB 163, NOUN 6), avait (AUX 213, VERB 63), avoir (AUX 173, VERB 69)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of AUX is 187.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2777.470588).

The 1st highest number of forms (187) was observed with the lemma “_”: Do, a, ai, aie, aient, aimait, aiment, aimerait, ait, alla, allaient, allais, allait, allant, aller, allez, allons, allée, as, aura, auraient, aurais, aurait, aurions, aurons, auront, avaient, avais, avait, avez, avions, avoir, avons, ayant, ayez, can, cant, censé, certains, devaient, devais, devait, devant, devez, devoir, devons, devra, devraient, devrait, devriez, devrions, devront, dois, doit, doive, doivent, du, durent, dut, désirait, désirant, dû, entendait, entendra, espère, est, etre, eut, eût, faisant, fait, fallait, fallu, fallut, fallût, faudra, faudrait, faut, fit, font, furent, fut, fût, on, ont, oserait, peut, peuvent, peux, pourra, pourrai, pourraient, pourrais, pourrait, pourrez, pourrions, pourront, pouvaient, pouvais, pouvait, pouvant, pouvez, pouvions, pouvoir, pouvons, pu, puisse, puissent, purent, put, pû, resta, restait, reste, restent, resté, restés, retrouve, retrouvèrent, savait, semblaient, semblait, semble, semblent, semblé, sentant, sera, seraient, serais, serait, serez, sergent, seront, soient, sois, soit, sommes, son, sont, souhaita, souhaitait, souhaitant, souhaite, souhaitent, souhaiterait, souhaité, soupapes, su, suis, trouve, unt, va, vais, veuille, veulent, veut, veux, viendra, viendrait, viendront, viennent, viens, vient, vit, voient, voit, vont, voudrais, voudrait, voulaient, voulait, voulant, voulez, vouliez, vouloir, voulons, voulu, voulut, à, étaient, étais, était, étant, étions, été, êtes, être.

AUX does not occur with any features.

Relations

AUX nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: fr-dep/aux (6128; 68% instances), fr-dep/auxpass (2790; 31% instances), fr-dep/root (10; 0% instances), fr-dep/cop (9; 0% instances), fr-dep/conj (8; 0% instances), fr-dep/mwe (2; 0% instances), fr-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/mark (1; 0% instances), fr-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances)

Parents of AUX nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (8495; 95% instances), NOUN (240; 3% instances), ADJ (145; 2% instances), PROPN (33; 0% instances), PRON (14; 0% instances), ROOT (10; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), AUX (4; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), ADV (1; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

8918 (100%) AUX nodes are leaves.

12 (0%) AUX nodes have one child.

4 (0%) AUX nodes have two children.

18 (0%) AUX nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a AUX node is 8.

Children of AUX nodes are attached using 17 different relations: fr-dep/nsubj (13; 12% instances), fr-dep/punct (13; 12% instances), fr-dep/advmod (11; 10% instances), fr-dep/dobj (11; 10% instances), fr-dep/mwe (10; 9% instances), fr-dep/nmod (10; 9% instances), fr-dep/neg (9; 8% instances), fr-dep/conj (6; 6% instances), fr-dep/case (5; 5% instances), fr-dep/advcl (4; 4% instances), fr-dep/mark (4; 4% instances), fr-dep/cc (3; 3% instances), fr-dep/xcomp (3; 3% instances), fr-dep/acl (1; 1% instances), fr-dep/aux (1; 1% instances), fr-dep/ccomp (1; 1% instances), fr-dep/nsubjpass (1; 1% instances)

Children of AUX nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (27; 25% instances), ADV (15; 14% instances), ADP (14; 13% instances), PUNCT (13; 12% instances), VERB (11; 10% instances), PRON (7; 7% instances), PART (5; 5% instances), AUX (4; 4% instances), CONJ (3; 3% instances), PROPN (3; 3% instances), SCONJ (3; 3% instances), ADJ (1; 1% instances)


AUX in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]