aux: auxiliary
In UD Finnish, only a closed list of verbs can act as auxiliaries, including the main modal verbs (see ISK §1562) and in addition the verbs olla “to be” and aikoa “to be going to”.
The full list of auxiliaries is as follows:
- täytyä “must”
- pitää “have to”
- tarvita “need”
- joutua “have to”
- voida “be able to, can”
- saattaa “may”
- taitaa “be+probably, may”
- mahtaa “be+probably, may”
- olla “be”
- aikoa “be going to”
Examples
Hän saattoi lähteä jo . \n He may(impf.) leave already .
nsubj(lähteä-3, Hän-1)
aux(lähteä-3, saattoi-2)
advmod(lähteä-3, jo-4)
punct(lähteä-3, .-5)
References
- http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1562 (in Finnish)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
2899 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as aux.
2883 instances of aux (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.54398068299414.
The following 9 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/AUX (2690; 93% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/AUX (92; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/AUX (77; 3% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/AUX (26; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/AUX (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/AUX (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/AUX (1; 0% instances).
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1 Pitäisi pitää AUX V Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
2 kyllä kyllä ADV Adv _ 3 advmod _ _
3 kotonakin kotona ADV Adv Clitic=Kin 4 advmod _ _
4 väsäillä väsäillä VERB V InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 smoothieita smoothie NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Plur 4 dobj _ _
6 useammin usein ADV Adv Degree=Cmp 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Luovan luova NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 tilanteen tilanne NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Sing 5 nsubj:cop _ _
3 on olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 5 aux _ _
4 oltava olla VERB V Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 cop _ _
5 hauska hauska ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
6 . . PUNCT Punct _ 5 punct _ _
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1 Halvimmat halpa ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Number=Plur 9 nsubj:cop _ _
2 mitä mikä PRON Pron Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 4 dobj _ _
3 olen olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
4 nähnyt nähdä VERB V Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 1 acl:relcl _ _
5 ovat olla AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 aux _ _
6 olleet olla VERB V Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
7 yli yli ADV Adv _ 8 advmod _ _
8 400 400 NUM Num NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _
9 euroa euro NOUN N Case=Par|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Punct _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
5111 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as aux.
5053 instances of aux (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.57875171199374.
The following 11 pairs of parts of speech are connected with aux: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (4618; 90% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (152; 3% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADJ (118; 2% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (116; 2% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/NOUN (85; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (9; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 x:n x NOUN N,Abbr,Sg,Gen Abbr=Yes|Case=Gen|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 tarvii tarvita VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 3 aux _ Style=Dialectal
3 toimia toimia VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
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1 Luovan luova ADJ A,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 tilanteen tilanne NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
3 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 5 aux _ _
4 oltava olla VERB V,Pass,PcpVa,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PartForm=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 cop _ _
5 hauska hauska ADJ A,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
6 . . PUNCT Pun _ 5 punct _ _
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1 rakentamisessa rakentaminen NOUN N,Sg,Ine Case=Ine|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
2 on olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
3 helppo helppo ADJ A,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 4 aux _ Original-Deprel=modal
4 fuskata fuskata VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 , , PUNCT Pun _ 4 punct _ _
6 jos jos SCONJ Pcle,CS _ 8 mark _ _
7 joku joku PRON Pron,Qnt,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Finnish-PronType=Qnt
8 haluaa haluta VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3 Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 4 advcl _ _
9 fuskata fuskata VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 8 ccomp _ _
10 . . PUNCT Pun _ 9 punct _ _
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