ccomp: clausal complement
The ccomp link is used for clausal dependents which are core arguments, when the subject is not controlled. When the subject is controlled, we use the xcomp link.
# visual-style 4 7 ccomp color:blue
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1 ale _ PRON _ _ 4 nsubj _ _
2 ye _ AUX _ _ 4 aux _ _
3 a _ PRON _ _ 4 obj _ _
4 mèn _ VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
5 , _ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
6 kòròkè _ NOUN _ _ 7 nsubj _ _
7 kèra _ VERB _ _ 4 ccomp _ _
8 jòn _ NOUN _ _ 7 obl _ _
9 ye _ ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
10 . _ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
‘He heared that an older brother became a slave’.
This is also used with copula like verb kó while it introduces indirect speech. If kó introduces direct speech, we use parataxis:obj. In fact, borders between (in)direct speech in Mande languages are often vague. Still, we decided to annotate the difference when it is possible.
# visual-style 2 7 ccomp color:blue
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
1 masakè màsakɛ NOUN _ _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 ko kó VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
3 ko kó PART _ _ 7 discourse _ _
4 muso mùso NOUN _ _ 7 nsubj _ _
5 bèè bɛ́ɛ DET _ _ 4 det _ _
6 ka ka AUX _ _ 7 aux _ _
7 na nà VERB _ _ 2 ccomp _ _
8 yen yèn ADV _ _ 7 obl _ _
9 ! ! PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ _
‘A king says that all women must come with their dust’.
ccomp in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [uz] [vi] [yue] [zh]