VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative
Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used
exclusively with verbs, it is not the case. Some verb
forms in some languages actually form a gray zone between verbs and
other parts of speech (nouns, adjectives
and adverbs). For instance, participles may be either
classified as verbs or as adjectives, depending on language and
context. In both cases VerbForm=Part may be used to separate them
from other verb forms or other types of adjectives.
Bulgarian does not have an infinitive. It distinguishes: finite verbs and non-finite verbs (participles and transgressives).
Fin: finite verb
Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite.
This features is encoded in the following values as second position in verbal tags: Vp# (personal verb); Vn# (impersonal verb); Vx#, Vy# and Vi# (auxiliary verbs).
Examples
- Аз съм, ти си / Az sam, ti si “I am, you are”
- Трябва да дойдеш /Tryabva da doydesh “You must come”
- Прочетох книгата / Prochetoh knigata “I read the book”
Part: participle
Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs
and adjectives. The participle in Bulgarian is encoded as c in fifth position of the tag: V#c#.
In Bulgarian there are four types of participles: present active, past perfective active, past imperfective active, past passive. The present active one can be used only adjectively; the past imperfective one can be used only in evidential verb forms; the other have the two usages. The present active can be derived only from imperfective verbs.
Examples
- виждащ / vizhdasht “seeing” (present active). BulTreeBank tag:
V#car# - видял / vidyal “seen” (past perfective active). BulTreeBank tag:
V#cao# - видел / videl “seen” (past imperfective active). BulTreeBank tag:
V#cam# - видян / vidyan “seen” (past passive). BulTreeBank tag:
V#cv#
Conv: converb
The converb, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. It appears e.g. in Slavic and Indo-Aryan languages.
In Bulgarian it can be derived only from imperfective verbs.
Examples
- Виждайки това, той се разстрои / Vizhdayki tova, toy se razstroi “Having seen this, he became upset”. BulTreebank tag:
V#g
Note that the symbol `#’, used in the Universal POS section indicates a holder for arbitrary number of features, suppressed in the respective tag as irrelevant in the BulTreeBank tagset, when mapped to the Universal one.
VerbForm in other languages: [abq] [akk] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cu] [cy] [el] [eme] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gub] [gun] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myv] [orv] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj]